Patent
Proton conducting membranes for fuel cells having a proton gradient and methods for preparing said membranes
| العنوان: | Proton conducting membranes for fuel cells having a proton gradient and methods for preparing said membranes |
|---|---|
| Patent Number: | 8,691,469 |
| تاريخ النشر: | April 08, 2014 |
| Appl. No: | 12/679298 |
| Application Filed: | September 24, 2008 |
| مستخلص: | A proton exchange membrane for a fuel cell, comprising a graft (co)polymer comprising a main chain and grafts comprising at least one proton acceptor group and at least one proton donor group. |
| Inventors: | Berthelot, Thomas (Vellebon sur Yvette, FR); Clochard, Marie-Claude (Sartrouville, FR) |
| Assignees: | Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (Paris, FR) |
| Claim: | 1. A fuel cell device comprising at least one membrane comprising a graft (co)polymer comprising a main chain and grafts bonded covalently to said main chain, each of said grafts comprising both (1) at least one proton acceptor group and (2) at least one proton donor group, said grafts corresponding to amino acid residues or peptide sequences. |
| Claim: | 2. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 , wherein the proton acceptor group contains an atom bearing a lone pair and/or is negatively charged. |
| Claim: | 3. The fuel cell device according to claim 2 , wherein the proton acceptor group containing an atom bearing a lone pair is an amine group. |
| Claim: | 4. The fuel cell device according to claim 3 , wherein the amine group is a primary amine group —NH 2 or a secondary amine group —NH—. |
| Claim: | 5. The fuel cell device according to claim 4 , wherein the secondary amine group —NH— is included in a linear hydrocarbon chain or is contained in an imidazole group or a guanidine group. |
| Claim: | 6. The fuel cell device according to claim 2 , wherein the negatively charged proton acceptor group is an —O − or —S − function, or a salt of carboxylic acid —CO 2 H, of sulphonic acid —SO 3 H or of phosphonic acid —PO 3 H 2 . |
| Claim: | 7. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 , wherein the proton donor group is an —OH or —SH group, an acid group —CO 2 H, —SO 3 H or —PO 3 H 2 , or a salt of amine group. |
| Claim: | 8. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 , wherein the grafts correspond to saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon groups which may contain one or more heteroatoms such as O, N and S and are optionally substituted. |
| Claim: | 9. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 , wherein the grafts correspond to amino acid residues. |
| Claim: | 10. The fuel cell device according to claim 9 , wherein the amino acid residues are obtained from natural α-amino acids selected from arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine and lysine. |
| Claim: | 11. The fuel cell device according to claim 9 , wherein the amino acid residues are lysine, arginine and histidine residues of formulae (I) to (III) below: [chemical expression included] |
| Claim: | 12. The fuel cell device according to claim 9 , wherein the amino acid residues are obtained from amino acids selected from: [chemical expression included] |
| Claim: | 13. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 , further comprising grafts corresponding to amino acid residues or peptide sequences, each of which (1) does not comprise at least one proton acceptor group and/or (2) does not comprise at least one proton donor group. |
| Claim: | 14. The fuel cell device according to claim 13 , wherein the grafts as defined in claim 13 are amino acid residues obtained from amino acids selected from cysteine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, residues of non-natural amino acids selected from the amino acids of the following formulae: [chemical expression included] or else residues of compounds of the following formulae: [chemical expression included] |
| Claim: | 15. The fuel cell device according to claim 13 , wherein the grafts correspond to the amino acid residue of formula (IV) below: [chemical expression included] |
| Claim: | 16. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 , wherein the grafts correspond to peptide sequences. |
| Claim: | 17. The fuel cell device according to claim 16 , wherein the peptide sequences consist of a concatenation of amino acids which are natural α-amino acids selected from arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine and lysine. |
| Claim: | 18. The fuel cell device according to claim 16 , wherein the grafts conform to one of the following formulae: [chemical expression included] |
| Claim: | 19. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 , wherein the main chain corresponds to an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon chain optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms, such as O, N, S, a halogen atom. |
| Claim: | 20. The fuel cell device according to claim 19 , wherein the main chain comprises a heterocyclic repeating unit to which, wholly or partly, grafts are covalently bonded. |
| Claim: | 21. The fuel cell device according to claim 20 , wherein the main chain is a polypyrrole chain. |
| Claim: | 22. The fuel cell device according to claim 21 , selected from the following membranes: a membrane composed of a graft copolymer comprising a polypyrrole backbone and grafts of formula (I) to (III) below: [chemical expression included] |
| Claim: | 23. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane consists of said graft (co)polymer. |
| Claim: | 24. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 , comprising a polymeric support matrix comprising through-pores, said pores being filled in by a graft (co)polymer. |
| Claim: | 25. The fuel cell device according to claim 24 , wherein the polymeric support matrix is made of a polymer selected from polyurethanes, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalates, these polymers being optionally fluorinated. |
| Claim: | 26. Method for preparing a according to claim 23 , wherein the graft (co)polymer is prepared by reacting a base (co)polymer comprising pendant functions X with at least one graft precursor comprising a function A capable of reacting with a pendant function X to form a covalent bond, the grafts, at the outcome of said reaction, being bonded to the base copolymer. |
| Claim: | 27. Preparation method according to claim 26 , wherein the pendant functions X are carboxyl functions —CO 2 H and the functions A are amine functions —NH 2 . |
| Claim: | 28. Preparation method according to claim 26 , comprising, when the membranes are composed of a copolymer comprising a polypyrrole backbone and grafts consisting of amino acid residues or peptide sequences, a step of reacting a base copolymer in which the backbone comprises at least one repeating unit of the following formula: [chemical expression included] and optionally a repeating unit of the following formula: [chemical expression included] with at least one amino acid or peptide sequence comprising a function A. |
| Claim: | 29. Method for preparing a proton-conducting membrane as defined in claim 23 , comprising a step of polymerising at least one monomer bearing at least one side chain. |
| Current U.S. Class: | 429/493 |
| Patent References Cited: | 6258271 July 2001 Jitariouk et al. 8017659 September 2011 Endo et al. 2004/0053060 March 2004 Roziere et al. 2007/0197409 August 2007 Scherer et al. 2010/0239946 September 2010 Miyachi et al. 2010/0311860 December 2010 Berthelot et al. 0140544 May 1985 140544 May 1985 1662594 May 2006 1662594 May 2006 2770150 April 1999 04016219 January 1992 08-290066 November 1996 08290066 November 1996 2003-242996 August 2003 2003242996 August 2003 2005-029655 February 2005 2005029655 February 2005 9924497 May 1999 0031750 June 2000 0112699 February 2001 02082562 October 2002 |
| Other References: | French Preliminary Search Report in French Application No. FR 0757873, dated Jun. 17, 2008. cited by applicant International Search Report in International Application No. PCT/EP2008/062726, mailed Nov. 18, 2008. cited by applicant Ulbricht et al., “Advanced Functional Polymer Membranes,” Polymer, Elsevier Science Publisher B.V. GB, Col. 47, No. 7, Mar. 22, 2006, pp. 2217-2262. cited by applicant |
| Assistant Examiner: | Hu, Henry |
| Primary Examiner: | Mulcahy, Peter D. |
| Attorney, Agent or Firm: | Nixon Peabody LLP |
| رقم الانضمام: | edspgr.08691469 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | USPTO Patent Grants |
| الوصف غير متاح. |