Electronic Resource
50 years of nickel flash smelting: still going strong.
| العنوان: | 50 years of nickel flash smelting: still going strong. |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Makinen T., Pyrometallurgy of nickel and cobalt 2009, Sudbury, Ontario 23-Aug-0926-Aug-09, Ahokainen T. |
| بيانات النشر: | Montreal, Quebec Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum 2009 |
| نوع الوثيقة: | Electronic Resource |
| مستخلص: | In 1995 Ni production capacity at Harjavalta was increased from 17 000 t/a to 52 000 t/a by replacing Peirce-Smith converting, in use since 1959, with the Direct Outokumpu Nickel or DON smelting process, which produces high-grade Ni matte with low Fe directly in the flash smelting furnace with metal values from the smelting slag recovered to Fe-containing Ni matte by laundering in the electric furnace. As expected, adoption of the process improved environmental conditions but the low melting points of the high-grade low-Cu mattes brought challenges for thermal engineering of the furnace hearth. Key issues of the technology are processing of high-magnesia concentrates and recoveries of Ni, Cu, Co and PGE, all affected by process selection and operational conditions. Modern computational tools can quickly obtain reliable new data on the phenomena occurring in the smelting vessels, complementing or even replacing laboratory, pilot or industrial experiments: examples presented include modelling of high-MgO concentrate smelting, bottom cooling and combustion. Injection of concentrates or coke is used to control the level of sulphurisation or to accelerate the reduction process. In 1995 Ni production capacity at Harjavalta was increased from 17 000 t/a to 52 000 t/a by replacing Peirce-Smith converting, in use since 1959, with the Direct Outokumpu Nickel or DON smelting process, which produces high-grade Ni matte with low Fe directly in the flash smelting furnace with metal values from the smelting slag recovered to Fe-containing Ni matte by laundering in the electric furnace. As expected, adoption of the process improved environmental conditions but the low melting points of the high-grade low-Cu mattes brought challenges for thermal engineering of the furnace hearth. Key issues of the technology are processing of high-magnesia concentrates and recoveries of Ni, Cu, Co and PGE, all affected by process selection and operational conditions. Modern computational tools can quickly obtain reliable new data on the phenomena occurring in the smelting vessels, complementing or even replacing laboratory, pilot or industrial experiments: examples presented include modelling of high-MgO concentrate smelting, bottom cooling and combustion. Injection of concentrates or coke is used to control the level of sulphurisation or to accelerate the reduction process. |
| مصطلحات الفهرس: | Annual conference of metallurgists of CIM, COMBUSTION, COOLING, DON PROCESS, FINLAND, FLASH SMELTING, FURNACES, HARJAVALTA, HISTORY, METALLURGICAL PLANTS, METALLURGY, MODELLING, NICKEL, OUTOKUMPU PROCESS, PROCESS DEVELOPMENT, Pyrometallurgy of nickel and cobalt, SMELTING, SOLIDS INJECTION, text |
| URL: | ed. J. Liu et al%C% |
| الاتاحة: | Open access content. Open access content |
| ملاحظة: | und |
| Other Numbers: | UKMMM oai:icon.iom3.org:106720 URN:ISBN:1-894475-88-7 1309235000 |
| المصدر المساهم: | INSTITUTE OF MATS MINERALS & MINING From OAIster®, provided by the OCLC Cooperative. |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsoai.on1309235000 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OAIster |
| الوصف غير متاح. |