Electronic Resource
The embodiment of wastewater data for the estimation of illicit drug consumption in Spain
| العنوان: | The embodiment of wastewater data for the estimation of illicit drug consumption in Spain |
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| المؤلفون: | Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López De Alda, Miren [0000-0002-9347-2765], Postigo, Cristina [0000-0002-7344-7044], Bijlsma, Lubertus, Picó, Yolanda, Andreu Pérez, V., Celma, Alberto, Estévez-Danta, Andrea, González-Mariño, Iria, Hernández, Félix, López de Alda, Miren, López-García, Ester, Marcé, Rosa María, Miró, Manuel, Montes, Rosa, Pérez de San Román-Landa, Unai, Pitarch, Elena, Pocurull, Eva, Prieto, Ailette, Postigo, Cristina, Rico, Andreu, Rodil, Rosario, Valcárcel, Yolanda, Ventura, Mireia, Quintana, José Benito |
| بيانات النشر: | Elsevier 2021-05-10 |
| نوع الوثيقة: | Electronic Resource |
| مستخلص: | Data obtained from wastewater analysis can provide rapid and complementary insights in illicit drug consumption at community level. Within Europe, Spain is an important country of transit of both cocaine and cannabis. The quantity of seized drugs and prevalence of their use rank Spain at the top of Europe. Hence, the implementation of a wastewater monitoring program at national level would help to get better understanding of spatial differences and trends in use of illicit drugs. In this study, a national wastewater campaign was performed for the first time to get more insight on the consumption of illicit drugs within Spain. The 13 Spanish cities monitored cover approximately 6 million inhabitants (12.8% of the Spanish population). Untreated wastewater samples were analyzed for urinary biomarkers of amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and cannabis. In addition, weekend samples were monitored for 17 new psychoactive substances. Cannabis and cocaine are the most consumed drugs in Spain, but geographical variations showed, for instance, comparatively higher levels of methamphetamine in Barcelona and amphetamine in Bilbao, with about 1-fold higher consumption of these two substances in such metropolitan areas. For amphetamine, an enantiomeric profiling was performed in order to assure the results were due to consumption and not to illegal dumping of production residues. Furthermore, different correction factors for the excretion of cannabis were used to compare consumption estimations. All wastewater results were compared with previously reported data, national seizure data and general population survey data, were a reasonable agreement was found. Daily and yearly drug consumption were extrapolated to the entire Spanish population with due precautions because of the uncertainty associated. These data was further used to estimate the retail drug market, where for instance cocaine illicit consumption alone was calculated to contribute to 0.2–0.5% of the Spanish |
| مصطلحات الفهرس: | Drugs of abuse, Wastewater-based epidemiology, Chiral analysis, National drug monitoring, Addictions, Spain, artículo |
| URL: | Postprint MINECO/ICTI2013-2016 Sí info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/CEX2018-000794-S) info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CTM2016-81935-REDT info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CTM2017-84763-C3-2-R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CTM2017-84763-C3-1-R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CTM2017-84763-C3-3-R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/RTI2018-097158-B-C31 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CTM2017-90890-REDT |
| الاتاحة: | Open access content. Open access content openAccess |
| ملاحظة: | English |
| Other Numbers: | CTK oai:digital.csic.es:10261/234487 Science of the Total Environment 772: 144794 (2021) 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144794 1286567182 |
| المصدر المساهم: | CSIC From OAIster®, provided by the OCLC Cooperative. |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsoai.on1286567182 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OAIster |
| الوصف غير متاح. |