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A Tale of Winglets: Evolution of Flight Morphology in Stick Insects

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: A Tale of Winglets: Evolution of Flight Morphology in Stick Insects
المؤلفون: Yu Zeng, Connor O'Malley, Sonal Singhal, Faszly Rahim, Sehoon Park, Xin Chen, Robert Dudley
المصدر: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 8 (2020)
بيانات النشر: Frontiers Media S.A., 2020.
سنة النشر: 2020
المجموعة: LCC:Evolution
LCC:Ecology
مصطلحات موضوعية: body size, evolution, flight, phasmid, sexual dimorphism, wing size, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
الوصف: The evolutionary transition between winglessness and a full-winged morphology requires selective advantage for intermediate forms. Conversely, repeated secondary wing reductions among the pterygotes indicates relaxation of such selection. However, evolutionary trajectories of such transitions are not well-characterized. The stick insects (Phasmatodea) exhibit diverse wing sizes at both interspecific and intersexual levels, and thus provide a system for examining how selection on flight capability, along with other selective forces, drives the evolution of flight-related morphology. Here, we examine variation in relevant morphology for stick insects using data from 1,100+ individuals representing 765 species. Although wing size varies along a continuous spectrum, taxa with either long or miniaturized wings are the most common, whereas those with intermediate-sized wings are relatively rare. In a morphological space defined by wing and body size, the aerodynamically relevant parameter termed wing loading (the average pressure exerted on the air by the wings) varies according to sex-specific scaling laws; volant but also flightless forms are the most common outcomes in both sexes. Using phylogenetically-informed analyses, we show that relative wing size and body size are inversely correlated in long-winged insects regardless of sexual differences in morphology and ecology. These results demonstrate the diversity of flight-related morphology in stick insects, and also provide a general framework for addressing evolutionary coupling between wing and body dimensions. We also find indirect evidence for a “fitness valley” associated with intermediate-sized wings, suggesting relatively rapid evolutionary transitions between wingless and volant forms.
نوع الوثيقة: article
وصف الملف: electronic resource
اللغة: English
تدمد: 2296-701X
Relation: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2020.00121/full; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-701X
DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00121
URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/d8330486881f4eaeb733776c3afd99b2
رقم الانضمام: edsdoj.8330486881f4eaeb733776c3afd99b2
قاعدة البيانات: Directory of Open Access Journals
الوصف
تدمد:2296701X
DOI:10.3389/fevo.2020.00121