التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
Exploring the effect of the menstrual cycle or oral contraception on elite athletes’ training responses when workload is not objectively quantifiable: the MILS approach and findings from female Olympians |
| المؤلفون: |
Jean-François Toussaint, Quentin De Larochelambert, Juliana da Silva Antero, Imad Hamri, Tom Chassard, Alice Meignié, Florent Storme, Marine Dupuit, Allison Diry, Pierre Yves Louis, Nicolas Coulmy |
| المصدر: |
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 2 (2024) |
| بيانات النشر: |
BMJ Publishing Group, 2024. |
| سنة النشر: |
2024 |
| المجموعة: |
LCC:Medicine (General) |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
Medicine (General), R5-920 |
| الوصف: |
Objectives Develop the Markov Index Load State (MILS) model, based on hidden Markov chains, to assess athletes’ workload responses and investigate the effects of menstrual cycle (MC)/oral contraception (OC), sex steroids hormones and wellness on elite athletes’ training.Methods On a 7-month longitudinal follow-up, daily training (volume and perceived effort, n=2200) and wellness (reported sleep quality and quantity, fitness, mood, menstrual symptoms, n=2509) data were collected from 24 female rowers and skiers preparing for the Olympics. 51 MC and 54 OC full cycles relying on 214 salivary hormone samples were analysed. MC/OC cycles were normalised, converted in % from 0% (first bleeding/pill withdrawal day) to 100% (end).Results MILS identified three chronic workload response states: ‘easy’, ‘moderate’ and ‘hard’. A cyclic training response linked to MC or OC (95% CI) was observed, primarily related to progesterone level (p=8.23e-03 and 5.72e-03 for the easy and hard state, respectively). MC athletes predominantly exhibited the ‘easy’ state during the cycle’s first half (8%–53%), transitioning to the ‘hard’ state post-estimated ovulation (63%–96%). OC users had an increased ‘hard’ state (4%–32%) during pill withdrawal, transitioning to ‘easy’ (50%–60%) when on the pill. Wellness metrics influenced the training load response: better sleep quality (p=5.20e-04), mood (p=8.94e-06) and fitness (p=6.29e-03) increased the likelihood of the ‘easy’ state. Menstrual symptoms increased the ‘hard’ state probability (p=5.92e-02).Conclusion The MILS model, leveraging hidden Markov chains, effectively analyses cumulative training load responses. The model identified cyclic training responses linked to MC/OC in elite female athletes. |
| نوع الوثيقة: |
article |
| وصف الملف: |
electronic resource |
| اللغة: |
English |
| تدمد: |
2055-7647 |
| Relation: |
https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/2/e001810.full; https://doaj.org/toc/2055-7647 |
| DOI: |
10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001810 |
| URL الوصول: |
https://doaj.org/article/d3b7c1de59ec4c7692a08642c1429285 |
| رقم الانضمام: |
edsdoj.3b7c1de59ec4c7692a08642c1429285 |
| قاعدة البيانات: |
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