Academic Journal
Effects of green solvents and surfactants on the characteristics of few-layer graphene produced by dual-frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation technique
| العنوان: | Effects of green solvents and surfactants on the characteristics of few-layer graphene produced by dual-frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation technique |
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| المؤلفون: | Tyurnina, AV, Morton, JA, Kaur, A, Mi, J, Grobert, N, Porfyrakis, K, Tzanakis, I, Eskin, DG |
| بيانات النشر: | Elsevier |
| سنة النشر: | 2023 |
| المجموعة: | Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) |
| الوصف: | Nowadays, one of the promising methods for scalable graphene production is ultrasound-aided liquid phase exfoliation (ULPE) of graphite. Two current limiting factors of ULPE are the use of harmful solutions (such as N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone or Dimethylformamide) and a relatively low graphene yield. In this study, we demonstrate a new dual frequency (20 kHz and 1174 kHz) ULPE approach in various eco-friendly media, which enabled us to produce various few-layer graphene (FLG) solutions of high quality. By implementing sophisticated characterisation techniques consisting of Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy, the final graphene flakes structure was confirmed to correlate the properties of each individual solution. The thinner (∼3 layers) and larger (∼1.5 μm2) flakes were observed while using just water, with the highest yield (11%) of smaller FLG flakes to be achieved in the mixture of water and a surfactant. In order to understand the cavitation mechanism in different solutions, the ULPE process was investigated by acoustic measurements. This study demonstrates the crucial role of ethanol (as a solvent) and surfactants as it regulates the cavitation power and intensity of the ultrasonic field and, thereby, the cavitation effectiveness. It is suggested that the mixture of water, ethanol and a surfactant is the best medium for ULPE process where a high yield of low-defective FLG flakes can be obtained in a solution stable at least for 3 months (around 80%). |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article in journal/newspaper |
| اللغة: | English |
| Relation: | https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b3201738-9c49-48fc-baf7-5134541db8cc; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2023.01.062 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.01.062 |
| الاتاحة: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2023.01.062 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b3201738-9c49-48fc-baf7-5134541db8cc |
| Rights: | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ; CC Attribution (CC BY) |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsbas.F72EEA68 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | BASE |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.01.062 |
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