Academic Journal
Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean
| العنوان: | Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean |
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| المؤلفون: | Buckley, Stephen, Power, Robert C., Andreadaki Vlazaki, Maria, Akar, Murat, Becher, Julia, Belser, Matthias, Cafisso, Sara, Eisenmann, Stefanie, Fletcher, Joann, Francken, Michael, Hallager, Birgitta, Harvati, Katerina, Ingman, Tara, Kataki, Efthymia, Maran, Joseph, Martin, Mario A.S., McGeorge, Photini J. P., Milevski, Ianir, Papadimitriou, Alkestis, Protopapadaki, Eftychia, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Schmidt-Schultz, Tyede, Schuenemann, Verena J., Shafiq, Rula, Stuijts, Ingelise, Yegorov, Dmitry, Yener, K. Aslιhan, Schultz, Michael, Spiteri, Cynthianne, Stockhammer, Philipp W. |
| المساهمون: | European Commission |
| بيانات النشر: | Nature Research |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| المجموعة: | ADDI: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU - Basque Country University) |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons, chromatography mass-spectrometry, dental calculus, sediments, identification, combustion, indicators, biomarkers, fossil, pahs |
| الوصف: | [EN] This paper presents the earliest evidence for the exploitation of lignite (brown coal) in Europe and sheds new light on the use of combustion fuel sources in the 2nd millennium BCE Eastern Mediterranean. We applied Thermal Desorption/Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Polarizing Microscopy to the dental calculus of 67 individuals and we identified clear evidence for combustion markers embedded within this calculus. In contrast to the scant evidence for combustion markers within the calculus samples from Egypt, all other individuals show the inhalation of smoke from fires burning wood identified as Pinaceae, in addition to hardwood, such as oak and olive, and/or dung. Importantly, individuals from the Palatial Period at the Mycenaean citadel of Tiryns and the Cretan harbour site of Chania also show the inhalation of fire-smoke from lignite, consistent with the chemical signature of sources in the northwestern Peloponnese and Western Crete respectively. This first evidence for lignite exploitation was likely connected to and at the same time enabled Late Bronze Age Aegean metal and pottery production, significantly by both male and female individuals. ; Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This research is part of Philipp W. Stockhammer's European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant project `FoodTransforms: transformations of food in the Eastern Mediterranean Late Bronze Age' (ERC-2015-StG 678901-FoodTransforms) funded by the European Research Council. The anthropological research in Tiryns was funded within the project "Negotiating Change -Cultural and Social Transformations in the Late 2nd Millennium BCE East Mediterranean: Case Studies from Tiryns, Greece, and Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel" (German-Israel Foundation for Science and Research; GIF; Grant No. 1080-132.4/2009; Aren Maeir and Joseph Maran) as well as the German Research Foundation (MA 1058/7-1 and 7-2; Joseph Maran). Katerina Harvati is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG FOR 2237) and the ... |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article in journal/newspaper |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2045-2322 |
| Relation: | info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/724703; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/678901; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-03544-w; Scientific Reports 11(1) : 2021 // Article ID 24185; http://hdl.handle.net/10810/55028 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-021-03544-w |
| الاتاحة: | http://hdl.handle.net/10810/55028 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03544-w |
| Rights: | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ ; © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; Atribución 3.0 España |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsbas.F39973B4 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | BASE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 20452322 |
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| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-021-03544-w |