Academic Journal
How Much Does It Cost to Research and Develop a New Drug? A Systematic Review and Assessment
| العنوان: | How Much Does It Cost to Research and Develop a New Drug? A Systematic Review and Assessment |
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| المؤلفون: | Schlander, Michael, Hernandez Villafuerte, Karla, Cheng, Chih-Yuan, Mestre-Ferrandiz, Jorge, Baumann, Michael |
| المصدر: | http://lobid.org/resources/99370678146106441#!, 39(11):1243-1269. |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| المجموعة: | Publisso (ZB MED-Publikationsportal Lebenswissenschaften) |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Systematic Review, Quality of Life Research, Pharmaceutical Preparations [MeSH], Health Administration, Humans [MeSH], Antineoplastic Agents [MeSH], Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes, Costs and Cost Analysis [MeSH], Public Health, Health Economics |
| الوصف: | Background!#!Debate over the viability of the current commercial research and development (R&D) model is ongoing. A controversial theme is the cost of bringing a new molecular entity (NME) to market.!##!Objective!#!Our aim was to evaluate the range and suitability of published R&D cost estimates as to the degree to which they represent the actual costs of industry.!##!Methods!#!We provided a systematic literature review based on articles found in the Pubmed, Embase and EconLit electronic databases, and in a previously published review. Articles published before March 2020 that estimated the total R&D costs were included (22 articles with 45 unique cost estimates). We included only literature in which the methods used to collect the information and to estimate the R&D costs were clearly described; therefore, three reports were excluded. We extracted average pre-launch R&D costs per NME and converted the values to 2019 US dollars (US$) using the gross domestic product (GDP) price deflator. We appraised the suitability of the R&D estimated costs by using a scoring system that captures three domains: (1) how success rates and development time used for cost estimation were obtained; (2) whether the study considered potential sources contributing to the variation in R&D costs; and (3) what the components of the cost estimation were.!##!Results!#!Estimates of total average capitalized pre-launch R&D costs varied widely, ranging from $161 million to $4.54 billion (2019 US$). Therapeutic area-specific estimates were highest for anticancer drugs (between $944 million and $4.54 billion). Our analysis identified a trend of increasing R&D costs per NME over time but did not reveal a relation between cost estimates and study ranking when the suitability scores were assessed. We found no evidence of an increase in suitability scores over time.!##!Conclusion!#!There is no universally correct answer regarding how much it costs, on average, to research and develop an NME. Future studies should ... |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article in journal/newspaper |
| اللغة: | English |
| Relation: | https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6464983; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-021-01065-y; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516790/ |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s40273-021-01065-y |
| الاتاحة: | https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6464983 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-021-01065-y https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516790/ |
| Rights: | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsbas.E5E2672B |
| قاعدة البيانات: | BASE |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s40273-021-01065-y |
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