Academic Journal
أعرض في EDS

Preeclampsia and venous thromboembolism ; Преэклампсия и вопросы венозной тромбоэмболии

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Preeclampsia and venous thromboembolism ; Преэклампсия и вопросы венозной тромбоэмболии
المؤلفون: K. N. Grigoreva, V. O. Bitsadze, J. Kh. Khizroeva, E. V. Slukhanchuk, M. V. Tretyakova, N. A. Makatsariya, J.-Ch. Gris, G. C. Di Renzo, V. I. Tsibizova, D. V. Blinov, A. D. Makatsariya, К. Н. Григорьева, В. О. Бицадзе, Д. Х. Хизроева, Е. В. Слуханчук, М. В. Третьякова, Н. А. Макацария, Ж.-К. А. Гри, Д. К. Ди Ренцо, В. И. Цибизова, Д. В. Блинов, А. Д. Макацария
المصدر: Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction; Vol 16, No 3 (2022); 306-316 ; Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция; Vol 16, No 3 (2022); 306-316 ; 2500-3194 ; 2313-7347
بيانات النشر: IRBIS LLC
سنة النشر: 2022
المجموعة: Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction (AGR - E-Journal) / Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция (АГР)
مصطلحات موضوعية: венозная тромбоэмболия эндотелиальная дисфункция, PE, pregnancy, venous thromboembolism, endothelial dysfunction, ПЭ, беременность
الوصف: Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic disease that has been recorded as a complication in up to 15 % of pregnancies being lead cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Despite that PE pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated, it is currently believed that the endothelial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory status play a key role in its development, which account for impaired implantation processes as well as trophoblast invasion during placentation. Altogether, it results in developing generally accepted clinical symptoms “triad”: arterial hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. PE is also characterized by clotting disorders that cause an increased risk of maternal venous thromboembolism. It should be remembered that the related risk may be markedly elevated in the postpartum period. The mechanisms underlying the development of thrombosis high risk remain to be fully investigated, albeit upregulated expression of procoagulant factors, endothelial dysfunction, compromised endogenous anticoagulant activity, and increased platelet activity result in prothrombotic predisposition. ; Преэклампсия (ПЭ) – это мультисистемное заболевание, которое и по сей день осложняет до 15 % беременностей и является ведущей причиной фето-материнской смертности во всем мире. Несмотря на то что патофизиология ПЭ до конца не ясна, считается, что ключевую роль в развитии данного состояния играет эндотелиальная дисфункция и провоспалительный статус, которые обуславливают нарушение процессов имплантации, инвазии трофобласта и плацентации. Все это приводит к развитию общепринятой клинической триаде симптомов: артериальной гипертензии, протеинурии и отекам. Для ПЭ также характерны нарушения свертывания крови, которые способствуют повышенному риску венозной тромбоэмболии у таких женщин. Надо помнить, что этот риск значительно увеличивается в послеродовом периоде. Механизмы, лежащие в основе развития высокого риска тромбозов, еще предстоит выяснить до конца, хотя повышенная экспрессия прокоагулянтных факторов, эндотелиальная дисфункция, ослабление ...
نوع الوثيقة: article in journal/newspaper
وصف الملف: application/pdf
اللغة: Russian
English
Relation: https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1361/1025; https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1361/1026; English F.A., Kenny L.C., McCarthy F.P. Risk factors and effective management of preeclampsia. Integr Blood Press Control. 2015;8:7–12. https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S50641.; Egan K., Kevane B., NíAinle F. Elevated venous thromboembolism risk in preeclampsia: molecular mechanisms and clinical impact. Biochem Soc Trans. 2015;43(4):696–701. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20140310.; Gris J.-C., Bouvier S., Cochery-Nouvellon É. et al. The role of haemostasis in placenta-mediated complications. Thromb Res. 2019;181 Suppl 1:S10– S14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049-3848(19)30359-7.; Ramlakhan K.P., Johnson M.R., Roos-Hesselink J.W. Pregnancy and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17(11):718–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0390-z.; Matsuo K., Kooshesh S., Dinc M. et al. Late postpartum eclampsia: report of two cases managed by uterine curettage and review of the literature. Am J Perinatol. 2007;24(4):257–66. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-976548.; Pijnenborg R., Vercruysse L., Hanssens M. The uterine spiral arteries in human pregnancy: facts and controversies. Placenta. 2006;27(9–10):939– 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2005.12.006.; Rana S., Lemoine E., Granger J.P., Karumanchi S.A. Preeclampsia: pathophysiology, challenges, and perspectives. Circ Res. 2019;124(7):1094–112. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313276.; Guerby P., Tasta O., Swiader A. et al. Role of oxidative stress in the dysfunction of the placental endothelial nitric oxide synthase in preeclampsia. Redox Biol. 2021;40:101861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.101861.; Sánchez-Aranguren L.C., Prada C.E., Riaño-Medina C.E., Lopez M. Endothelial dysfunction and preeclampsia: role of oxidative stress. Front Physiol. 2014;5:372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00372.; Системные синдромы в акушерско-гинекологической клинике: руководство для врачей. Под ред. А.Д. Макацария. М.: МИА, 2010. 897 с.; Lamarca B. Endothelial dysfunction. An important mediator in the pathophysiology of hypertension during pre-eclampsia. Minerva Ginecol. 2012;64(4):309–20.; Fakhouri F., Vercel C., Frémeaux-Bacchi V. Obstetric nephrology: AKI and thrombotic microangiopathies in pregnancy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;7(12):2100–6. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.13121211.; Wang M., Hao H., Leeper N.J., Zhu L.; Early Career Committee. Thrombotic regulation from the endothelial cell perspectives. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2018;38(6):e90–e95. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.310367.; Weissgerber T.L., Garcia-Valencia O., Milic N.M. et al. Early onset preeclampsia is associated with glycocalyx degradation and reduced microvascular perfusion. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(4):e010647. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.010647.; Martin F.A., Murphy R.P., Cummins P.M. Thrombomodulin and the vascular endothelium: insights into functional, regulatory, and therapeutic aspects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013;304(12):H1585–97. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00096.2013.; Turner R.J., Bloemenkamp K.W., Bruijn J.A., Baelde H.J. Loss of thrombomodulin in placental dysfunction in preeclampsia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(4):728–35. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306780.; Fraser R., Whitley G.S., Johnstone A.P. et al. Impaired decidual natural killer cell regulation of vascular remodelling in early human pregnancies with high uterine artery resistance. J Pathol. 2012;228(3):322–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4057.; Hayes-Ryan D., Khashan A.S., Hemming K. et al. Placental growth factor in assessment of women with suspected pre-eclampsia to reduce maternal morbidity: a stepped wedge cluster randomised control trial (PARROT Ireland). BMJ. 2021;374:n1857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1857.; Poon L.C., Magee L.A., Verlohren S. et al. A literature review and best practice advice for second and third trimester risk stratification, monitoring, and management of pre-eclampsia: compiled by the pregnancy and non-communicable diseases committee of FIGO (the international federation of gynecology and obstetrics). Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021;154 Suppl 1:3–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13763.; Dvorak H.F. Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor: a critical cytokine in tumor angiogenesis and a potential target for diagnosis and therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(21):4368–80. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.10.088.; Levine R.J., Maynard S.E., Qian C. et al. Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of preeclampsia. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(7):672–83. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa031884.; McKeeman G.C., Ardill J.E., Caldwell C.M. et al. Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1) is increased throughout gestation in patients who have preeclampsia develop. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(4):1240–6.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.03.004.; Chaiworapongsa T., Romero R., Espinoza J. et al. Evidence supporting a role for blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor system in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Young Investigator Award. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(6):1541–7; discussion 1547–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.03.043.; Maynard S.E., Min J.Y., Merchan J. et al. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(5):649–58. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI17189.; Hu Y., Yan R., Zhang C. et al. HMGB1 from hypoxic trophoblasts promotes endothelial microparticle production and thrombophilia in preeclampsia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2018;38(6):1381–91.https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.310940.; Hu Y., Li H., Yan R. et al. Increased neutrophil activation and plasma DNA levels in patients with pre-eclampsia. Thromb Haemost. 2018;118(12):2064–73. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675788.; Слуханчук Е.В. NETs и онкологический процесс. Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция. 2021;15(1):107–116. https://doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.204.; Jacobsen A.F., Skjeldestad F.E., Sandset P.M. Ante- and postnatal risk factors of venous thrombosis: a hospital-based case-control study. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(6):905–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02961.x.; Peixoto A.B., Araujo Júnior E., Ribeiro J.U. et al. Evaluation of inflammatory mediators in the deciduas of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(1):75–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2014.987117.; Regal J.F., Burwick R.M., Fleming S.D. The complement system and preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2017;19(11):87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-017-0784-4.; Sudo M., Yoshita K., Ito Y. et al. Histopathological features of kidney and renal prognosis in patients with preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2021;25:75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2021.05.015.; Paré E., Parry S., McElrath T.F. et al. Clinical risk factors for preeclampsia in the 21st century. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124(4):763–70. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000000451.; Zera C.A., Seely E.W., Wilkins-Haug L.E. et al. The association of body mass index with serum angiogenic markers in normal and abnormal pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(3):247.e1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.020.; Raia-Barjat T., Edebiri O., Ni Ainle F. Preeclampsia and venous thromboembolism: pathophysiology and potential therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:856923. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.856923.; Huppertz B. Placental origins of preeclampsia: challenging the current hypothesis. Hypertension. 2008;51(4):970–5. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.107607.; Chunilal S.D., Bates S.M. Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: diagnosis, management and prevention. Thromb Haemost. 2009;101(3):428–38.; Parunov L.A., Soshitova N.P., Ovanesov M.V. et al. Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with pregnancy. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2015;105(3):167–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.21105.; Konstantinides S.V., Meyer G., Becattini C. et al., ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Heart J. 2020;41(4):543–603. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405.; Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternal-mortality/pregnancy-mortalitysurveillance-system.htm.; Rodger M. Pregnancy and venous thromboembolism: ’TIPPS’ for risk stratification. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2014;2014(1):387–92. https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.387.; Liu S., Rouleau J., Joseph K.S. et al. Epidemiology of pregnancyassociated venous thromboembolism: a population-based study in Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2009;31(7):611–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34240-2.; ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 196: Thromboembolism in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(1):e1–е17. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002706.; Bates S.M., Middeldorp S., Rodger M. et al. Guidance for the treatment and prevention of obstetric-associated venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41(1):92–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-015-1309-0.; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium (Greentop Guideline No 37a). London: RCOG, 2015. Available at: https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg37a.pdf.; Linnemann B., Bauersachs R., Rott H. et al.; Working Group in Women’s Health of the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Diagnosis of pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism – position paper of the Working Group in Women’s Health of the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (GTH). Vasa. 2016;45(2):87–101. https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000503.; Sennstrom M., Rova K., Hellgren M. et al. Thromboembolism and in vitro fertilization–a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(9):1045–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13147.; Sultan A.A., West J., Grainge M.J. et al. Development and validation of risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in postpartum women: multinational cohort study. BMJ. 2016;355:i6253. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i6253.; Sultan A.A., Tata L.J., West J. et al. Risk factors for first venous thromboembolism around pregnancy: a population-based cohort study from the United Kingdom. Blood. 2013;121(19):3953–61. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-11-469551.; Osol G., Moore L.G. Maternal uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy. Microcirculation. 2014;21(1):38–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/micc.12080.; Sultan A.A., West J., Tata L.J. et al. Risk of first venous thromboembolism in and around pregnancy: a population-based cohort study. Br J Haematol. 2012;156(3):366–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08956.x.; Zhou Z.-H., Chen Y., Zhao B.-H. et al. Early postpartum venous thromboembolism: risk factors and predictive index. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2019;25:1076029618818777. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029618818777.; Sultan A.A., Grainge M.J., West J. et al. Impact of risk factors on the timing of first postpartum venous thromboembolism: a population-based cohort study from England. Blood. 2014;124(18):2872–80. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-05-572834.; Benschop L., Duvekot J.J., van Lennep R.J.E. Future risk of cardiovascular disease risk factors and events in women after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Heart. 2019;105(16):1273–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313453.; Thilaganathan B., Kalafat E. Cardiovascular system in preeclampsia and beyond. Hypertension. 2019;73(3):522–31. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11191.; Craici I., Wagner S., Garovic V.D. Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular risk: formal risk factor or failed stress test? Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;2(4):249–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753944708094227.; van Oostwaard M.F., Langenveld J., Schuit E. et al. Recurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an individual patient data metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(5):624.e1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.009.; Barton J.R., Sibai B.M. Prediction and prevention of recurrent preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(2 Pt 1):359–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181801d56.; Mostello D., Kallogjeri D., Tungsiripat R., Leet T. Recurrence of preeclampsia: effects of gestational age at delivery of thefirst pregnancy, body mass index, paternity, and interval between births. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199(1):55.e1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2007.11.058.; van Rijn B.B., Hoeks L.B., Bots M.L. et al. Outcomes of subsequent pregnancy after first pregnancy with early-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(3):723–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.044.; Bramham K., Briley A.L., Seed P. et al. Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with previous preeclampsia: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(6):512.e1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.014.; McDonald S.D., Best C., Lam K. The recurrence risk of severe de novo pre-eclampsia in singleton pregnancies: a population-based cohort. BJOG. 2009;116(12):1578–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02317.x.; Benschop L., Duvekot J.J., Roeters van Lennep J.E. Future risk of cardiovascular disease risk factors and events in women after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Heart. 2019;105(16):1273–8.; Leon L.J., McCarthy F.P., Direk K. et al. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease in a large UK pregnancy cohort of linked electronic health records: a CALIBER study. Circulation. 2019;140(13):1050–60. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.038080.; Alsnes I.V., Vatten L.J., Fraser A. et al. Hypertension in pregnancy and offspring cardiovascular risk in young adulthood: prospective and sibling studies in the HUNT study (Nord-Trøndelag Health Study) in Norway. Hypertension. 2017;69(4):591–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08414.; Bates S.M., Greer I.A., Middeldorp S. et al. VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):e691S–736S. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2300.; Kelliher S., Maguire P.B., Szklanna P.B. et al. Pathophysiology of the venous thromboembolism risk in preeclampsia. Hamostaseologie. 2020;40(5):594–604. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1162-3905.; Schaefer C., Hannemann D., Meister R. et al. Vitamin K antagonists and pregnancy outcome. A multi-centre prospective study. Thromb Haemost. 2006;95(6):949–57. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH06-02-0108.; Mohzari Y.A., Asdaq S.M.B., Bamogaddam R.F. et al. Postpartum prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism with anticoagulation: a case report. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2021;16(2):292–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.12.016.; Sessa M., Mascolo A., Callreus T. et al. Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in pregnancy: new insight from VigiBase®. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):7236. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43715-4.; Quinlan D.J., Mcquillan A., Eikelboom J.W. Low molecular-weight heparin compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin for treatment of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(3):175–83. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-3-200402030-00008.; Galambosi P., Hiilesmaa V., Ulander V.M. et al. Prolonged low molecularweight heparin use during pregnancy and subsequent bone mineral density. Thromb Res. 2016;143:122–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2016.05.016.; Bapat P., Pinto L.S., Lubetsky A. et al. Examining the transplacental passage of apixaban using the dually perfused human placenta. J Thromb Haemost. 2016;14(7):1436–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13353.; von Schmidt auf Altenstadt J.F., Hukkelhoven C.W.P.M., van Roosmalen J., Bloemenkamp K.W.M. Pre-eclampsia increases the risk of postpartum haemorrhage: a nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e81959. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081959.; Rodger M.A., Gris J.C., de Vries J.I.P. et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin and recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: a metaanalysis of individual patient data from randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2016;388(10060):2629–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31139-4.; Leduc D., Senikas V., Lalonde A.B., Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee. Active management of the third stage of labour: prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2009;31:980–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34329-8.; Chan W.-S., Rey E., Kent N.E. et al. Venous thromboembolism and antithrombotic therapy in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2014;36(6):527–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30569-7.; Bates S.M., Rajasekhar A., Middeldorp S. et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy. Blood Adv. 2018;2(22):3317–59. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024802.; Branch D.W., Holmgren C., Goldberg J.D. Committee on Practice Bulletins – Obstetrics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. 132: antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;120(6):1514–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000423816.39542.0f.; https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1361
DOI: 10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2022.315
الاتاحة: https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1361
https://doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2022.315
Rights: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). ; Авторы, публикующиеся в данном журнале, соглашаются со следующим:Авторы предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution License, которая позволяет другим распространять данную работу с обязательным сохранением ссылок на авторов оригинальной работы и оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы сохраняют право заключать отдельные контрактные договорённости, касающиеся не-эксклюзивного распространения версии работы в опубликованном здесь виде (например, размещение ее в институтском хранилище, публикацию в книге), со ссылкой на ее оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.Авторы имеют право размещать их работу в сети Интернет (например в институтском хранилище или персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу (См. The Effect of Open Access).
رقم الانضمام: edsbas.E3D9CA98
قاعدة البيانات: BASE
الوصف
DOI:10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2022.315