Academic Journal
Molecular Evolution of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Gene Family and the Functional Characterization of Lamprey TGF-β2
| العنوان: | Molecular Evolution of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Gene Family and the Functional Characterization of Lamprey TGF-β2 |
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| المؤلفون: | Liu, Siqi, Guo, Junfu, Cheng, Xianda, Li, Wenna, Lyu, Shuangyu, Chen, Xuanyi, Li, Qingwei, Wang, Hao |
| المساهمون: | National Natural Science Foundation of China, Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Liaoning Province, Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China |
| المصدر: | Frontiers in Immunology ; volume 13 ; ISSN 1664-3224 |
| بيانات النشر: | Frontiers Media SA |
| سنة النشر: | 2022 |
| المجموعة: | Frontiers (Publisher - via CrossRef) |
| الوصف: | The transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) are multifunctional cytokines capable of regulating a wide range of cellular behaviors and play a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. The TGF-β subfamily, which is only present in deuterostomes, expands from a single gene in invertebrates to multiple members in jawed vertebrates. However, the evolutionary processes of the TGF-β subfamily in vertebrates still lack sufficient elucidation. In this study, the TGF-β homologs are identified at the genome-wide level in the reissner lamprey ( Lethenteron reissneri ), the sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ), and the Japanese lamprey ( Lampetra japonica ), which are the extant representatives of jawless vertebrates with a history of more than 350 million years. The molecular evolutionary analyses reveal that the lamprey TGF-β subfamily contains two members representing ancestors of TGF-β2 and 3 in vertebrates, respectively, but TGF-β1 is absent. The transcriptional expression patterns show that the lamprey TGF-β2 may play a central regulatory role in the innate immune response of the lamprey since it exhibits a more rapid and significant upregulation of expression than TGF-β3 during lipopolysaccharide stimuli. The incorporation of BrdU assay reveals that the lamprey TGF-β2 recombinant protein exerts the bipolar regulation on the proliferation of the supraneural myeloid body cells (SMB cells) in the quiescent and LPS-activated state, while plays an inhibitory role in the proliferation of quiescent and activated leukocytes in lampreys. Furthermore, caspase-3/7 activity analysis indicates that the lamprey TGF-β2 protects SMB cells from apoptosis after serum deprivation, in contrast to promoting apoptosis of leukocytes. Our composite results offer valuable clues to the origin and evolution of the TGF-β subfamily and imply that TGF-βs are among the most ancestral immune regulators in vertebrates. |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article in journal/newspaper |
| اللغة: | unknown |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836226 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836226/full |
| الاتاحة: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.836226 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.836226/full |
| Rights: | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsbas.C20176F8 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | BASE |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836226 |
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