التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
“Do We Not Bleed?” Sanitation, Menstrual Management, and Homelessness in the Time of COVID |
| المؤلفون: |
Teizazu, Hawi, Sommer, Marni, Gruer, Caitlin, Giffen, David, Davis, Lindsey, Frumin, Rachel, Hopper, Kim, Sangoi, Lisa, Erin Miles, Cloud, Marx-Arpadi, Adina |
| سنة النشر: |
2021 |
| المجموعة: |
Columbia University: Academic Commons |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
Gender and society, Women's rights, Gender identity |
| الوصف: |
Although access to adequate sanitation is formally recognized as a basic human right, public toilets have long been flagged as absent necessities by groups marginalized by class, gender, race, and ability in the United States. Navigating public spaces without the guarantee of reliable restrooms is more than a passing inconvenience for anyone needing immediate relief. This includes workers outside of traditional offices, people with medical conditions, caretakers of young children, or anyone without access to restroom amenities provided to customers. This absence is also gendered in ways that constrain the freedom of those who menstruate to participate in the public sphere. Managing menstrual hygiene requires twenty-four-hour access to safe, clean facilities, equipped for washing blood off hands and clothing and mechanisms for discreet disposal of used menstrual products. Public provision of such amenities is woefully inadequate in New York City (NYC), and homeless women especially bear the brunt of that neglect. Public health concerns about open defecation, coupled with feminist complaints that their absence restricted women’s ability to be out in public, catalyzed state investment to construct public toilets in the late 1800s. By 1907, eight had been built in NYC near public markets, and by the 1930s, the city built and renovated 145 comfort stations. However, changing public perceptions, vandalism, maintenance costs, and the City’s fiscal crisis in the 1970s all combined to reduce their numbers and degrade their quality. Public pay toilets provided a brief respite before falling victim to protest by feminists, who were rightly dismayed by policies that required payments for public usage of toilets but not for urinals. Supply deteriorated, and by 2019, NYC ranked ninety-third among large U.S. cities in per capita provision of public toilets. The remaining facilities are inadequately maintained and poorly monitored. The absence of public toilets poses an everyday challenge, but public health emergencies bring ... |
| نوع الوثيقة: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| اللغة: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://doi.org/10.7916/6j4v-vq72 |
| DOI: |
10.7916/6j4v-vq72 |
| الاتاحة: |
https://doi.org/10.7916/6j4v-vq72 |
| رقم الانضمام: |
edsbas.87519E64 |
| قاعدة البيانات: |
BASE |