To determine the role of vitamin D for preventing or reducing postoperative adhesions.The uterine horn adhesion model was carried out in 24 female Wistar rats. The animals were randomized into 4 groups: (1) control, (2) Ringer's lactate, (3) olive oil, and (4) vitamin D. Adhesion grade and histologic findings of adhesion-carrying tissues were evaluated, and groups were compared according to these parameters.Rats treated with vitamin D had less adhesion and lower inflammation grade when compared to the control and Ringer's lactate groups, and the results were statistically significant (p0.05). On the other hand, no difference was detected between the groups according to the fibrosis score.Vitamin D decreased postsurgical adhesion scores by both visual scores and histologic analyses in a rat model. Further experimental and clinical trials are required to confirm these results.