Evaluate neonatal management and outcome of neonates with either a prenatal or a post-natal diagnosis of EA type III.Population-based study using data from the French National Register for EA from 2008 to 2010. We compared children with prenatal versus post-natal diagnosis in regards to prenatal, maternal and neonatal characteristics. We define a composite variable of morbidity (anastomotic esophageal leaks, recurrent fistula, stenosis) and mortality at 1 year.Four hundred and eight live births with EA type III were recorded with a prenatal diagnosis rate of 18.1%. Transfer after birth was lower in prenatal subset (32.4% versus 81.5%, P0.001). Delay between birth and first intervention was not significantly different. Defect size (2cm vs 1.4cm, P0.001), gastrostomy (21.6% versus 8.7%, P0.001) and length in neonatal unit care were higher in prenatal subset (47.9 days versus 33.6 days, P0.001). The composite variables were higher in prenatal diagnosis subset (38.7% vs 26.1%, P=0.044).Despite the excellent survival rate of EA, cases with antenatal detection have a higher morbidity related to the EA type (longer gap). Even if it does not modify neonatal management and 1-year outcome, prenatal diagnosis allows antenatal parental counseling and avoids post-natal transfer.