In an evolving era of immunotherapeutic options for persistent or recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), there is a need for improved biomarkers of treatment response and survival to inform optimal treatment selection and prognostication. Herein, our primary objective was to explore correlations between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS). Secondarily, we sought to explore their combined association with survival outcomes in patients with persistent or recurrent LSCC treated with salvage surgery.This was a retrospective cohort study at a single academic medical center. Immunohistochemistry staining for TILs and PD-L1 was performed on a tissue microarray of persistent or recurrent LSCC pathologic specimens. Correlations between TIL subsets and PD-L1 CPS were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient and survival outcomes were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests.Only CD103Among patients with persistent or recurrent LSCC, CD103