This review presents detailed analysis of scientific data on influence of the associated with interleukin-1 cytokines on the development of malignant tumors of stomach with the definition of spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Cytokines associated with interleukin-1 directly and indirectly involved into gastric carcinogenesis. Implementation of pro- and contreoncogenic effects depends on many factors. The serological and genetic criteria changes of interleukin-1 have high diagnostic value and prognostic significance opening new differential approaches to the treatment of precancer conditions and gastric cancer.