Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth world's largest malignant tumor, which seriously endangers human health. The commonly used treatment effects are not satisfactory and the mortality rate is still high. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective adjuvant treatment to improve patient survival. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) acts as the most common tumor marker used for HCC diagnosis. Studies have shown that alpha-fetoprotein can self-induce T cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and its immunogenic antigenic epitopes provide new ideas for the study of AFP vaccine. Presently, a variety of AFP vaccines have been developed, such as DC vaccine, DNA vaccine, and peptide vaccine, which have been successfully applied to HCC mouse model and phase I /II clinical trials, with evident results. This article discusses the molecular mechanism, categories and application prospects of AFP vaccine in HCC.肝细胞癌（HCC）是世界上第五大恶性肿瘤，严重危害了人类的健康，常用的治疗效果并不理想，病死率仍居高不下，因此，迫切需要一种有效的辅助治疗，提高患者生存率。甲胎蛋白（AFP）作为诊断HCC最常用的肿瘤标志物，研究表明，AFP可诱导肝癌患者自身T细胞，其免疫原性抗原表位为研究AFP肝癌疫苗提供了新思路。目前已研制出多种AFP疫苗，如树突状细胞疫苗、DNA疫苗、多肽疫苗，且已成功应用到HCC小鼠模型以及Ⅰ期/Ⅱ期临床试验中，效果明确，现对AFP肝癌疫苗的分子机制、类别以及应用前景进行讨论。.