Chronic inflammation in asthma stimulates complex repair mechanisms which ultimately lead to deep structural changes in the bronchial tree, defined as airway remodeling, consisting principally in the thickening of the bronchial wall. These processes contribute to progressive airway narrowing with incomplete responsiveness to bronchodilating agents: clinical conditions of patients are irreversibly impaired. There is evidence that remodeling is a process that begins in early childhood and continues into adult life. These observations provide the rationale for early intervention with antiinflammatory drugs like inhaled corticosteroids, which effectively reduce airway inflammation and possibly prevent the progression to lung damage. Several clinical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that these drugs inhibit cellular processes involved remodeling.