A graduation thesis is focused on transport infrastructure in Czech Republic and its regional impacts. Transport infrastructure influences economy in many ways, because transport costs are part of total cost of every good or service. The aim of this thesis is to find out, which impacts on regional development are caused by transport infrastructure and transport infrastructure investment. The thesis is dividend in three parts. The first part describes the main impacts of transport infrastructure on economy and regional development. The second part analyzes transport infrastructure in Czech Republic. The third part is focused on relationship between transport infrastructure and regional economy. Transport investment efficiency in previous last years will be assessed. The results will be resumed in the end of graduation thesis.