Mental hygiene is a very current topic nowadays. Social employees are threatened in mental well-being and health. It is important to devote enough time to their mental wellbeing and health. Mental hygiene can improve their job enthusiasm, mental health, relations with the family and other staff and of course, they can live better quality life. This thesis is focused on emphasizing of mental hygiene of social employees, investigation of critical situations that take effect on their mental well-being at work and also at their private life and finally on mental hygiene instruments and their implementation in real life. The research collection was formed of social employees who care about senior citizens in social institutions around the region of South Bohemia. The research was carried out with the quality investigative strategy, by means of questioning. The data selection was made with the half-structured conversation. The critical situations of social employees during the workday are obvious from the survey. The most frequent problem is the administrative duties, work exhaustion can arise from the stereotype work or enormous working obligations. The employees named the instruments of mental hygiene they use to make themselves feel better both physically and mentally.