The world is allegedly warming in a detrimental way because our industrial activity is increasingly emitting the putative culprit for the warming which is the carbon dioxide. The preferred way to deal with the issue is to force an emission reduction by, among others, imposing quotas, creating a sophisticated system of allowances, cap and trade and technology transfers. The European Union, as well as several member States had, at times, pledged various reductions which became law. These pledges come at a cost to the industrial activity. Romania duly signed and ratified all the EU decisions taken after her accession but no clear bill was presented to the taxpayer. In the light of the Copenhagen accord and in preparation of the 2010 Mexican summit on the environment there’s a need to know what are the modeled benefits of limiting the carbon dioxide emissions, and at what costs to the Romanian economy. This paper attempts to shed a light on those issues and to make it easier for the public to follow the intricate details of the trading scheme and its effects.