This article aims at investigating the characteristic of Cambodian biology textbook for upper secondary school recently published. For the purpose, we compared Cambodian biology textbook and Japanese biology textbook. Outlining the background of textbook development in the context of Cambodia, the analysis is made concerning three points: whole content, students' activities and figures, which are described in the textbooks. The results are summarized as follows. Cambodian textbook should 1) refer to the relationship among phyla. 2) include genetics and development in Grade 10. 3) include appropriate experiments for the context of Cambodia. 4) illustrate some figures in students' activities. 5) provide accurate figures that are useful for actual students' activities. Based on the recognition of these problems, this paper attempts to make some suggestions for improving the textbooks.