Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia in a Horse
| العنوان: | Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia in a Horse |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | T. Yamagami, S. Motoyoshi, T. Mori, Sugiyama M, M. Umeda, T. Washizu, T. Ishida |
| المصدر: | Veterinary Pathology. 28:344-346 |
| بيانات النشر: | SAGE Publications, 1991. |
| سنة النشر: | 1991 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Male, 0301 basic medicine, Myeloid, 040301 veterinary sciences, Anemia, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute, 0403 veterinary science, Leukocyte Count, 03 medical and health sciences, Azurophilic granule, Bone Marrow, Leukocytes, medicine, Animals, Horses, Mean corpuscular volume, Peroxidase, General Veterinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Horse, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Basophilic, Red blood cell, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Horse Diseases, Bone marrow |
| الوصف: | A 4-yearold, Thoroughbred sta llion was referred to the Nippon Veter inary and Zootechni cal College with a history of depression , weight loss, and seve re refractory anemia of at least 2 weeks durati on . Alth ough these clinical signs were ind icat ive of equine infectio us anemia, the antibody to th is virus (Ouchterlo ny meth od) was negat ive. Additionally, no side rocytes and sideroleukocytes were observed in Prus sian blue-stained periphera l blood smear. At initial exa mi natio n, the horse showed seve red depressio n, weight loss, d iarrhea , pale lumin ou s mucou s membranes, and marked edema of all lim bs and nasal apex. Th e rectal temperatu re was 40.1 C, and the pulse and respirati on rate were 80/minute and 30/ m inute, respect ively. Percussion and ultra sound echography examination revealed a mod erate amo unt of ascitic fluid and pleural effusion. Th e electrocardiogram and phon ocardiogram were norm al. O n the Ist day of hospitalizati on , the hem ogram revealed severe normocytic norm ochromic anemia (red blood cell 1.68 x 106/1l1; packed cell volum e 8.5%; hemoglobin 2.6 g/d l; mean corpuscular volume 50.6 fl; mean corpuscular hem oglobin concentra tion 30.6%); and thrombocytopenia «2,000/ Ill). With new methylene blue stain, no reticulocytes were observed. On the 2nd da y of hospit alizat ion , petechiae appeared on the orophary ngeal mu cosa and a prolonged bleeding tim e followed venipuncture. Th e total leukocyte count (8,270 to 9, 100/ iLl) remained within a normal range; however, abso lute neutropen ia (ba nd neutroph ils 0 to 423, mature neut roph ils 45 5 to 1,437 with atypical neutrophils 9 1 to 169 and toxi c neutrophils 83 to 169), and mod erate mon ocytosis (1,690 to 2,275 with imma ture mon ocytes 169 to 45 5 and atypica l monocytes 253 to 364) were observed. A popul ati on of immature leukocytes was present with a characteristically sma ll rim of basophilic cytoplasm, round and eccentric nuclei with unclumped chromat in, and dist inct multinucleoli resembling those of myelo blast (118 to 255). Som e cells contai ned azuro philic cytoplasmi c microgranu les resembling tho se of promyelocytes (727 to 1,565). Oth er immature leuko cytes of variabl e size had a large cyto plasm that sta ined pale-blu e to gray-blue, an irregular kidn ey-shaped or deep ly-ind ented nucleus, and distinct mu ltinucleoli resembling those of monocytoid series. Occasiona lly, atypica l cells showi ng both mono cytoid and myeloid features were found . A few mature leukocytes also showed rem arkable cytoplasmic and nuclear aty pia, such as a cytoplasmic bleb and hypersegmented nuclei (Fig. I). Asynchro nous maturat ion of the nucleus and cytoplasm was also noted (Fig. 2). Other abnorma lities included vacuo lated cytop lasm and fragmented or ringed nuclei. Nearl y 40% of the above abn orm al leukocytes had myeloperoxidase activ ity. On the contrary, there were a few neutrophils lacking myelop erox ida se (Fig. 3). Serum biochemistry, evaluated on the 3rd day, showed abnormal values ind icative of hepatic dam age, i.e. , as partic aminotransferase (77 1 IU/l iter), alkalin e amino transferase (38 1 IU/ liter), alkalin e phosphatase (241 IU/liter) , and lactat e dehydro gena se (4,5 19 IU/liter). Serum pro tei n ana lysis showed hyperglob ulinem ia, i.e., total protein (8. 1 g/d l), albumin (3.3 g/d l), globulin (4.7 g/d l), and {3 --y globulin (2.3 g/dl) , A mild {3 --y linking indi cat ive of inflammatory disease was dem on strat ed on serum protein electro phoresis . A tentat ive diagnosis of myelogenou s leu kemi a was mad e on the basis of peripheral blood find ings. Th e horse's condition, in spite of supportive therap y, includi ng broad spectru m antibiotics, progressively deteriorated unt il he died on the 5th day of hospit alizati on . Bone marrow was aspirated from the sternum and femur, MayG runwa ld Gie msa -sta ined bon e mar row smears revealed hypercellul ar marrow with a myeloid : erythroi d ratio of 90: I . Most of the hem atop oietic cells were morphologically monoton ou s, with features of early myelocyt ic or mon ocytic precursors. Approxima tely 70% of noneryth roid cells were myeloblasts (types I or II with few or no azurophilic granules), prom yelocytes, and monoblasts (Fig. 4). Alth ough some differentiating erythro id cells and granulocytes were present, no megakaryocytes series were observed. A number of cells showe d morphologic abn ormalities simi lar to those observed in the peripheral blood . Cytoc hemica l meth od was performed to subclass ify the leu kem ia. Myelop eroxidase and double esterase reaction s (na phtho l-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase and non specific alpha-naphthyl-butyrate esterase) were per formed to mak e the dist inction between the myeloid and the lymphoid leuk em iaand to identify the neut rophil and monocyte series , respectively.' -' In the present case, approx imately 60% of the total noneryth roid populati on had myeloperoxidase activit y suggesting the myeloid origi n. In doubl e esterase activity, 35 and 40% of the total non eryth roid popul at ion had naphtholAS-D-chloroacetate esterase and non specific alpha-naph th yl-bu tyrat e esterase activ ities, respecti vely, which suggested involve ment of both neut roph il and mon ocyte series . At necrop sy, subcutaneo us ede ma was most mark ed in all limbs and in the nasal apex, as well as in the skin. Petech ial and ecchymotic hem orrhages were observed in the subcutis, serosal surfaces of the abdomi nal orga ns, larynx and tracheal mu cosa, epicard ium, and endocardium. Both ascitic fluid and pleural effusion were of a sero sanguineou s natu re. Other findings included spleno mega ly with a pale, white mass in the par enchyma ( I em in diam eter). Multiple ulcers were found in the cecum and right ventra l part of colon (2-4 cm in diam eter). All the bone marrow of the stern um, femur, and cos tae was white. After forma lin fixatio n, multiple pale |
| تدمد: | 1544-2217 0300-9858 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/030098589102800415 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::eec8383e36d6e053b5f2816202c14850 https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589102800415 |
| Rights: | CLOSED |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....eec8383e36d6e053b5f2816202c14850 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 15442217 03009858 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1177/030098589102800415 |