The characterization of radioactive waste: a critical review of techniques implemented or under development at CEA, France
| العنوان: | The characterization of radioactive waste: a critical review of techniques implemented or under development at CEA, France |
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| المؤلفون: | P. G. Allinei, Olivier Gueton, F Jallu, Maïté Bertaux, Pascal Fichet, C. Roure, Bertrand Perot, Cedric Carasco, Jerome Comte, E. Simon, Nicolas Estre, Laurent Loubet, C. Passard, Frederick Carrel, Abdallah Lyoussi, Hervé Lamotte, Lionel Boucher |
| المساهمون: | CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Réactivité des Surfaces et des Interfaces (LRSI), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST) |
| المصدر: | EPJ N-Nuclear Sciences & Technologies EPJ N-Nuclear Sciences & Technologies, 2018, 4, pp.3. ⟨10.1051/epjn/2017033⟩ EPJ N-Nuclear Sciences & Technologies, EDP Sciences, 2018, 4, pp.3. ⟨10.1051/epjn/2017033⟩ EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies, Vol 4, p 3 (2018) |
| بيانات النشر: | HAL CCSD, 2018. |
| سنة النشر: | 2018 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Radionuclide, Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear engineering, Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, Shields, Radioactive waste, engineering.material, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TK9001-9401, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), Coating, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Coincidence counting, Neutron |
| الوصف: | International audience; This review paper describes the destructive and non-destructive measurements implemented or under development at CEA, in view to perform the most complete radioactive waste characterization. First, high-energy photon imaging (radiography, tomography) brings essential information on the waste packages, such as density, position and shape of the waste inside the container and in the possible binder, quality of coating and blocking matrices, presence of internal shields or structures, presence of cracks, voids, or other defects in the container or in the matrix, liquids or other forbidden materials, etc. Radiological assessment is then performed using a series of non-destructive techniques such as gamma-ray spectroscopy, which allows characterizing a wide range of radioactive and nuclear materials, passive neutron coincidence counting and active neutron interrogation with the differential die-away technique, or active photon interrogation with high-energy photons (photofission), to measure nuclear materials. Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) can also be employed to detect toxic chemicals or elements which can greatly influence the above measurements, such as neutron moderators or absorbers. Digital auto-radiography can also be used to detect alpha and beta contaminated waste. These non-destructive assessments can be completed by gas measurements, to quantify the radioactive and radiolysis gas releases, and by destructive examinations such as coring homogeneous waste packages or cutting the heterogeneous ones, in view to perform visual examination and a series of physical, chemical, and radiochemical analyses on samples. These last allow for instance to check the mechanical and containment properties of the package envelop, or of the waste binder, to measure toxic chemicals, to assess the activity of long-lived radionuclides or pure beta emitters, to determine the isotopic composition of nuclear materials, etc. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2491-9292 |
| DOI: | 10.1051/epjn/2017033⟩ |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::dfc82deb928053e8a8bddde6150c2248 https://cea.hal.science/cea-01794043/file/per.pdf |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....dfc82deb928053e8a8bddde6150c2248 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 24919292 |
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| DOI: | 10.1051/epjn/2017033⟩ |