The translation of a heat shock protein (HSP). TGroEL, of thermophilic bacterium PS3 Increased within 10 minutes when the culture temperature was raised from 60°C to 70°C. In contrast to hyperthermophilic HSPs such as Pyrodictium ATPase, TGroEL is homologous to GroEL of E. coli (Tamada et al. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 . 565-571). The promoter of the thermophilic heat shock gene ( tgrE ) was sequenced to analyze the heat shock response. The sequences of the promoter were CCTACTAGCA (-35 region) and GTTCATTAATA (-10 region), which are more heat labile than those of the σ 32 recognition sites of GroEL. The expression of this homologous tgrE in E. coli may be lethal to the cells. The ATPase α subunit of this thermophile is also homologous to TGroEL.