Surface nanostructuring of bioresorbable polymers is a promising solution for tissue regeneration therapies, as such nanostructured implants non-toxically degrade after producing localized and prolonged stimuli. In this work, a process chain for the fabrication of bioresorbable polymer implants was developed and validated. The implants present surface arrays of nanopillars whose main design parameters were optimized to induce the osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells. In vitro and in vivo cell experiments provided evidence for the potential application in tissue regeneration and revealed that nanopillars' diameter, height, and spacing need to be independently optimized to effectively promote osteogenic differentiation.