The ALMA assembly, integration, and verification project: a retrospective analysis
| العنوان: | The ALMA assembly, integration, and verification project: a retrospective analysis |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Nicholas D. Whyborn, Bernhard Lopez, Alison B. Peck, Joseph P. McMullin, Stuartt Corder, Lewis B. G. Knee, H. Jager, Richard Murowinski |
| المصدر: | SPIE Proceedings. |
| بيانات النشر: | SPIE, 2014. |
| سنة النشر: | 2014 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Risk perception, Operations research, Computer science, Astronomy, Life cycle, Retrospective analysis, Aperture synthesis, Operational model, Millimeter wavelength, Plant shutdowns, Phase (combat), Submillimeter Array, Transition phase, Personnel selection, Systems engineering, Project management, Joint projects, Milestone (project management), Antennas, Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA), Hardware and software, Risk assessment |
| الوصف: | The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a joint project between astronomical organizations in Europe, North America, and East Asia, in collaboration with the Republic of Chile. ALMA consists of 54 twelve-meter antennas and 12 seven-meter antennas operating as an aperture synthesis array in the (sub)millimeter wavelength range. Assembly, Integration, and Verification (AIV) of the antennas was completed at the end of the year 2013, while the final optimization and complete expansion to validate all planned observing modes will continue. This paper compares the actually obtained results of the period 2008-2013 with the baselines that had been laid out in the early project-planning phase (2005-2007). First plans made for ALMA AIV had already established a two-phased project life-cycle: phase 1 for setting up necessary infrastructure and common facilities, and taking the first three antennas to the start of commissioning; and phase 2 focused on the steady state processing of the remaining units. Throughout the execution of the project this lifecycle was refined and two additional phases were added, namely a transition phase between phases 1 and 2, and a closing phase to address the project ramp-down. A sub-project called Accelerated Commissioning and Science Verification (ACSV) was carried out during the year 2009 in order to provide focus to the whole ALMA organization, and to accomplish the start-of-commissioning milestone. Early phases of CSV focused on validating the basic performance and calibration. Over time additional observing modes have been validated as capabilities expanded both in hardware and software. This retrospective analysis describes the originally presented project staffing plans and schedules, the underlying assumptions, identified risks and operational models, among others. For comparison actual data on staffing levels, the resultant schedule, additional risks identified and those that actually materialized, are presented. The observed similarities and differences are then analyzed and explained, and corresponding lessons learned are presented. Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VI, June 22-24, 2014, Montreal, QC, Canada Series: Proceedings of SPIE; no. 9150 |
| تدمد: | 0277-786X |
| DOI: | 10.1117/12.2056310 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c9790f4cb3da74dbdff43e23976fef0e https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056310 |
| Rights: | CLOSED |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....c9790f4cb3da74dbdff43e23976fef0e |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 0277786X |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1117/12.2056310 |