Modeling the aggregated exposure and responses of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus to multiple sources of anthropogenic underwater sound
| العنوان: | Modeling the aggregated exposure and responses of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus to multiple sources of anthropogenic underwater sound |
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| المؤلفون: | Adam S. Frankel, Len Thomas, Darlene Ketten, Brandon L. Southall, Roberto Racca, Melania Guerra, Robyn P. Angliss, Erica Fleishman, Matthias Leu, William T. Ellison, Christopher W. Clark, Joel Berger, Bill Streever, Todd Sformo, Megan McKenna, Robert Suydam |
| المساهمون: | University of St Andrews. Statistics, University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling |
| المصدر: | Endangered Species Research, Vol 30, Pp 95-108 (2016) |
| بيانات النشر: | Inter-Research Science Center, 2016. |
| سنة النشر: | 2016 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0106 biological sciences, QH301 Biology, Negligible impact, NDAS, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, QH301, location, Arctic, lcsh:Botany, lcsh:Zoology, 0103 physical sciences, Harassment, Incidental take, lcsh:QL1-991, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Balaena, North Slope Borough, Underwater, 010301 acoustics, Sound (geography), Cumulative effects, Nature and Landscape Conservation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:QK1-989, location.us_county, Oceanography, Work (electrical), Marine mammals, Environmental science |
| الوصف: | This work was supported in part by a contract between BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. and the University of California, Santa Barbara (E.F.), and by the North Slope Borough. Potential responses of marine mammals to anthropogenic underwater sound are usually assessed by researchers and regulators on the basis of exposure to a single, relatively loud sound source. However, marine mammals typically receive sounds from multiple, dynamic sources. We developed a method to aggregate modeled sounds from multiple sources and estimate the sound levels received by individuals. To illustrate the method, we modeled the sound fields of 9 sources associated with oil development and estimated the sound received over 47 d by a population of 10 000 simulated bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus on their annual migration through the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Empirical data were sufficient to parameterize simulations of the distribution of individual whales over time and their range of movement patterns. We ran 2 simulations to estimate the sound exposure history and distances traveled by bowhead whales: one in which they could change their movement paths (avert) in response to set levels of sound and one in which they could not avert. When animals could not avert, about 2% of the simulated population was exposed to root mean square (rms) sound pressure levels (SPL) ≥ 180 dB re 1 mu Pa, a level that regulators in the U.S. often associate with injury. When animals could avert from sound levels that regulators often associate with behavioral disturbance (rms SPL > 160 dB re 1 μPa) |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| تدمد: | 1613-4796 1863-5407 |
| DOI: | 10.3354/esr00727 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c56ffcb3a4d3cda0160664ea885d090b https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00727 |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....c56ffcb3a4d3cda0160664ea885d090b |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 16134796 18635407 |
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| DOI: | 10.3354/esr00727 |