In order to inquire into the pathogenesis of increased platelet counts in peripheral blood of patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), the phenomenon of thrombocytosis was confirmed, and then the expression of tubulin within platelets from IDA patients was investigated.Peripheral blood samples were collected from 79 patients with IDA and were divided into 2 groups, group of IDA with normal platelet counts (34 cases), and group of IDA with increased platelet counts (thrombocytosis) (45 cases). Additionally, 45 peripheral blood samples from healthy volunteers were enrolled as a group of healthy controls. Count of platelets in peripheral blood was detected by means of LH-780 hematology analyzer and hemocytometer under a microscope respectively, and analyzed statistically.There was no statistical difference between platelet counts detected by LH-780 hematology analyzer and hemocytometer under a microscope (P .05). The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of both α-tubulin and β-tubulin within platelets from IDA patients with thrombocytosis was significantly less than that from healthy volunteers and IDA patients with normal platelet counts (P .01), and there was no statistical difference between the latter two groups (P .05).Some patients with IDA are accompanied by thrombocytosis, from which the expression of α-tubulin and β-tubulin within platelets reduced obviously compared with those with normal platelet counts and healthy controls respectively. It is implied that downregulation of tubulin probably is a part of the pathogenesis leading to increased platelet counts in IDA.