Neonicotinoids are currently the most widely used and sold insecticides in the world, providing effective pest control. Risk assessment of these and other pesticides by lab-based indicators is common. Yet, empirically and theoretically underpinning of extrapolation to indicators used in field surveys is severely limited. Consequently, the aim of our study was to quantify the toxicological and ecological impact of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid to aquatic invertebrates. We derived Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) based on chronic LC