Recent Trends in Stratospheric Chlorine From Very Short-Lived Substances
| العنوان: | Recent Trends in Stratospheric Chlorine From Very Short-Lived Substances |
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| المؤلفون: | Martin K. Vollmer, Chris Rene Lunder, Michela Maione, Paul B. Krummel, Wuhu Feng, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Sandip Dhomse, Simon O'Doherty, Ryan Hossaini, Jeremy J. Harrison, Peter F. Bernath, Amber Leeson, Jens Mühle, Jgor Arduini, Elliot Atlas, Dickon Young, Anton M. Fernando, Stephen A. Montzka, Stefan Reimann |
| المصدر: | Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres : JGR, vol 124, iss 4 Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres Hossaini, R, Atlas, E, Dhomse, S S, Chipperfield, M P, Bernath, P F, Fernando, A M, Mühle, J, Leeson, A A, Montzka, S A, Feng, W, Harrison, J J, Krummel, P, Vollmer, M K, Reimann, S, O'Doherty, S, Young, D, Maione, M, Arduini, J & Lunder, C R 2019, ' Recent Trends in Stratospheric Chlorine From Very Short-Lived Substances ', Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 124, no. 4, pp. 2318-2335 . https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029400 Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres |
| بيانات النشر: | eScholarship, University of California, 2019. |
| سنة النشر: | 2019 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical transport model, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric Sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, atmospheric observations, Ozone layer, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Chlorine, stratospheric chlorine, chemical transport model, Middle Atmosphere: Composition and Chemistry, Stratosphere, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Bromine, Atmospheric models, chloroform, Very short-lived substances, Composition and Chemistry, Ozone depletion, dichloromethane, ozone, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, chlorine, stratosphere, VSLS, Environmental science, Troposphere: Composition and Chemistry, Troposphere: Constituent Transport and Chemistry, Very short-lived substances, stratospheric chlorine, chemical transport model, atmospheric observations, Research Article |
| الوصف: | Very short‐lived substances (VSLS), including dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3), perchloroethylene (C2Cl4), and 1,2‐dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2), are a stratospheric chlorine source and therefore contribute to ozone depletion. We quantify stratospheric chlorine trends from these VSLS (VSLCltot) using a chemical transport model and atmospheric measurements, including novel high‐altitude aircraft data from the NASA VIRGAS (2015) and POSIDON (2016) missions. We estimate VSLCltot increased from 69 (±14) parts per trillion (ppt) Cl in 2000 to 111 (±22) ppt Cl in 2017, with >80% delivered to the stratosphere through source gas injection, and the remainder from product gases. The modeled evolution of chlorine source gas injection agrees well with historical aircraft data, which corroborate reported surface CH2Cl2 increases since the mid‐2000s. The relative contribution of VSLS to total stratospheric chlorine increased from ~2% in 2000 to ~3.4% in 2017, reflecting both VSLS growth and decreases in long‐lived halocarbons. We derive a mean VSLCltot growth rate of 3.8 (±0.3) ppt Cl/year between 2004 and 2017, though year‐to‐year growth rates are variable and were small or negative in the period 2015–2017. Whether this is a transient effect, or longer‐term stabilization, requires monitoring. In the upper stratosphere, the modeled rate of HCl decline (2004–2017) is −5.2% per decade with VSLS included, in good agreement to ACE satellite data (−4.8% per decade), and 15% slower than a model simulation without VSLS. Thus, VSLS have offset a portion of stratospheric chlorine reductions since the mid‐2000s. Key Points Stratospheric chlorine from very short‐lived substances increased by 3.8 ppt/year over 2004–2017, with a growth slowdown in 2015–2017Chlorine from short‐lived substances improves model representation of upper stratospheric HCl trendsShort‐lived chlorine offsets the 2004–2017 rate of upper stratospheric HCl decline by 15% |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| DOI: | 10.1029/2018JD029400 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::aa60540e0f1a46d6908edd96284c96f9 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tx7k5qm |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....aa60540e0f1a46d6908edd96284c96f9 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| DOI: | 10.1029/2018JD029400 |
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