Background The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) published Consensus 2015 in October 2015. Thereafter, the Japanese version of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation programs was revised. Prior to the revision, we re-conducted questionnaire surveys in three types of medical facilities in January 2015. Methods Targeted groups included (i) 277 training hospitals authorized by the Japanese Society of Perinatal/Neonatal Medicine for training of physicians specialized in perinatal care (neonatology) in January 2015 (training hospitals; response rate, 70.8%); (ii) 459 obstetric hospitals/clinics (response rate, 63.6%); and (iii) 453 midwife clinics (response rate, 60.9%). The survey included systems of neonatal resuscitation, medical equipment and practices, and education systems. The results were compared with that of similar surveys conducted in 2005, 2010 and 2013. Results Almost all results were generally improved compared with past surveys. In training hospitals, however, the use of oxygen blenders or manometers was not widespread. Only 35% of institutions used continuous positive airway pressure systems frequently, and expert neonatal resuscitation doctors attended all deliveries in only 6% of training centers. In addition, only 71% of training hospitals had brain therapeutic hypothermia facilities. Not all obstetric hospitals/clinics prepared pulse oximeters, and only a few used manometers frequently. Some midwife clinics did not keep warming equipment, and few midwife clinics were equipped with pulse oximeters. In addition, some midwife clinics did not prepare ventilation bags (masks). Conclusions The equipment in Japanese delivery rooms is variable. Further efforts need to be made in the distribution of neonatal resuscitation devices and the dissemination of techniques.