Alkaline guts contribute to immunity during exposure to acidified seawater in the sea urchin larva
| العنوان: | Alkaline guts contribute to immunity during exposure to acidified seawater in the sea urchin larva |
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| المؤلفون: | Matthias Leippe, Meike Stumpp, Jia-Jiun Yan, Marian Y. Hu, Inga Petersen, Femke Thoben |
| المصدر: | Journal of Experimental Biology. |
| بيانات النشر: | The Company of Biologists, 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Physiology, 030310 physiology, Aquatic Science, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Marine bacteriophage, biology.animal, Animals, Seawater, Molecular Biology, Sea urchin, Pathogen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vibrio, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, fungi, Ocean acidification, Midgut, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Larva, Sea Urchins, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Bacteria |
| الوصف: | Larval stages of the abulacraria superphylum including echinoderms and hemichordates have highly alkaline midguts. To date the reason for the evolution of such extreme pH conditions in the gut of these organisms remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that analogous to the acidic stomachs of vertebrates, these alkaline conditions may represent a first defensive barrier to protect from environmental pathogens. pH-optimum curves for five different species of marine bacteria demonstrated a rapid decrease in proliferation rates by 50-60% between pH 8.5 and 9.5. Using the marine bacterium Vibrio diazotrophicus which elicits a coordinated immune response in the sea urchin larva of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, we studied the physiological responses of the midgut pH regulatory machinery to this pathogen. Gastroscopic microelectrode measurements demonstrate a stimulation of midgut alkalization upon infection with V. diazotrophicus accompanied by an upregulation of acid-base transporter transcripts of the midgut. Pharmacological inhibition of midgut alkalization resulted in an increased mortality rate of larvae during Vibrio infection. Reductions in seawater pH resembling ocean acidification (OA) conditions lead to moderate reductions in midgut alkalization. However, these reductions in midgut pH do not affect the immune response and resilience of sea urchin larvae to a Vibrio infection under OA conditions. Our study addressed the evolutionary benefits of the alkaline midgut of ambulacraria larval stages. The data indicate that alkaline conditions in the gut may serve as a first defensive barrier against environmental pathogens and that this mechanism can compensate for changes in seawater pH. |
| تدمد: | 1477-9145 0022-0949 |
| DOI: | 10.1242/jeb.222844 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9ff2c0ee67d012a76fdf7c765ed8d532 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.222844 |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....9ff2c0ee67d012a76fdf7c765ed8d532 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 14779145 00220949 |
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| DOI: | 10.1242/jeb.222844 |