Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India
| العنوان: | Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Ashok Kumar Gaddi, G. A. Rajanna, Kariyaiah Basavalingaiah, T. K. Roopa, Venkatesh Paramesh, H. C. Girisha, Shankar Lal Jat, K. S. Shashidhar, G. S. Yogesh, Diaa O. El-Ansary, Shiva Dhar Misra, S. Raveesha, Y. M. Ramesha, Hosam O. Elansary, Bipin Kumar |
| المصدر: | Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 6439, p 6439 (2020) Sustainability Volume 12 Issue 16 |
| بيانات النشر: | MDPI AG, 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 020209 energy, Geography, Planning and Development, TJ807-830, 02 engineering and technology, Agricultural engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, TD194-195, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy sources, Environmental Sustainability Index, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Data envelopment analysis, GE1-350, energy efficiency, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, rice, Energy consumption, technical efficiency, Environmental sciences, carbon sustainability, greenhouse gas, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Seeding, Energy productivity, Efficient energy use |
| الوصف: | The energy consumption pattern and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of any rice production system is important to know the sustainability of varied cultivation and establishment technique. This study was conducted to determine the energy use pattern, GHG emission and efficiency of rice farms in puddled transplanted (PTR, rainfed) and direct-seeded rice (DSR, irrigated) production systems in Karnataka, India. The energy indices and GHG emission of different input and output in a rice production system were assessed by using energy and carbon equivalence. The efficiency of PTR and DSR farms were identified using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and energy optimization was ascertained. The key finding was excessive use of non-renewable energy inputs was observed for the PTR (92.4%) compare to DSR (60.3%) methods. The higher energy use efficiency (7.3), energy productivity (0.3 kg MJ&minus 1) and energy profitability (6.3) were mainly attributed to the large decrease in energy inputs under DSR. The DEA showed efficiency for 26 PTR farms in comparison for 87 DSR farms. The mean technical efficiency value highlighted the scope for saving energy by 6% and 2% in PTR and DSR, respectively and showed an economic reduction of $405.5/ ha with PTR versus $163.3/ha with the DSR method if these inefficient farms perform efficiently. The GHG emissions revealed that the total emissions for PTR versus DSR production caused by on-farm emissions were 86% and 65%, respectively. The DSR method also had a higher carbon efficiency ratio and carbon sustainability index (10.1 and 9.1, respectively). Thus, adoption of DSR method is imperative for reduction of energy consumption and GHG emissions to achieve the carbon sustainability. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2071-1050 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::6ae94e0c300d3eafa46864af143cacdb https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6439 |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....6ae94e0c300d3eafa46864af143cacdb |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 20711050 |
|---|