An Analysis of the United States and United Kingdom Smallpox Epidemics (1901–5) – The Special Relationship that Tested Public Health Strategies for Disease Control
| العنوان: | An Analysis of the United States and United Kingdom Smallpox Epidemics (1901–5) – The Special Relationship that Tested Public Health Strategies for Disease Control |
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| المؤلفون: | Bernard J. Brabin |
| المصدر: | Medical History |
| بيانات النشر: | Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2019. |
| سنة النشر: | 2019 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | History, medicine.medical_specialty, Hospitals, Isolation, education, Epidemic, Medicine (miscellaneous), Liverpool, Disease, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Special Relationship, law, Quarantine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Smallpox, 0601 history and archaeology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Epidemics, Socioeconomics, Ships, General Nursing, Public health, Travel, Vaccination, Commerce, Outbreak, History, 19th Century, Articles, 06 humanities and the arts, History, 20th Century, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, United States, Maritime, 3. Good health, Geography, 060105 history of science, technology & medicine, Communicable Disease Control, Public Health Practice, Smallpox Vaccine, Boston |
| الوصف: | At the end of the nineteenth century, the northern port of Liverpool had become the second largest in the United Kingdom. Fast transatlantic steamers to Boston and other American ports exploited this route, increasing the risk of maritime disease epidemics. The 1901–3 epidemic in Liverpool was the last serious smallpox outbreak in Liverpool and was probably seeded from these maritime contacts, which introduced a milder form of the disease that was more difficult to trace because of its long incubation period and occurrence of undiagnosed cases. The characteristics of these epidemics in Boston and Liverpool are described and compared with outbreaks in New York, Glasgow and London between 1900 and 1903. Public health control strategies, notably medical inspection, quarantine and vaccination, differed between the two countries and in both settings were inconsistently applied, often for commercial reasons or due to public unpopularity. As a result, smaller smallpox epidemics spread out from Liverpool until 1905. This paper analyses factors that contributed to this last serious epidemic using the historical epidemiological data available at that time. Though imperfect, these early public health strategies paved the way for better prevention of imported maritime diseases. |
| تدمد: | 2048-8343 0025-7273 |
| DOI: | 10.1017/mdh.2019.74 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::693be538b724c3448bd9c15dc9b3c5c7 https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2019.74 |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....693be538b724c3448bd9c15dc9b3c5c7 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 20488343 00257273 |
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| DOI: | 10.1017/mdh.2019.74 |