A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates
| العنوان: | A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates |
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| المؤلفون: | Yasuko Terashima, Masato Aoyama, Yoko Sugiuchi, Yuki Miyamoto, Giorgio Matassi, Yuka Kitajima, Yutaka Daido, Tsubasa Sakai, Motoyuki Tsuda, Hitoshi Yagisawa, Honoo Satake, Kentaro Fujiwara, Toru Takigawa, Min Kyun Park, Takehiro Kusakabe |
| المصدر: | PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e41955 (2012) PLoS ONE |
| بيانات النشر: | Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2012. |
| سنة النشر: | 2012 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Nervous system, Anatomy and Physiology, Oryzias, Animal Phylogenetics, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Molecular Cell Biology, Membrane Receptor Signaling, Comparative Anatomy, Receptor, Chordata, Conserved Sequence, Phylogeny, Neurons, Multidisciplinary, biology, Vertebrate, Hormone Receptor Signaling, Cell biology, Tunicate, Protein Transport, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Medicine, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Research Article, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Science, Hindbrain, Endocrine System, Evolution, Molecular, Developmental Neuroscience, Species Specificity, Internal medicine, biology.animal, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Notochord, medicine, Animals, Ciona intestinalis, Biology, Endocrine Physiology, Evolutionary Developmental Biology, biology.organism_classification, Hormones, Rhombencephalon, Endocrinology, Gene Expression Regulation, Zoology, Receptors, LHRH, Developmental Biology, Neuroscience |
| الوصف: | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neuroendocrine peptide that plays a central role in the vertebrate hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The roles of GnRH in the control of vertebrate reproductive functions have been established, while its non-reproductive function has been suggested but less well understood. Here we show that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis has in its non-reproductive larval stage a prominent GnRH system spanning the entire length of the nervous system. Tunicate GnRH receptors are phylogenetically closest to vertebrate GnRH receptors, yet functional analysis of the receptors revealed that these simple chordates have evolved a unique GnRH system with multiple ligands and receptor heterodimerization enabling complex regulation. One of the gnrh genes is conspicuously expressed in the motor ganglion and nerve cord, which are homologous structures to the hindbrain and spinal cord of vertebrates. Correspondingly, GnRH receptor genes were found to be expressed in the tail muscle and notochord of embryos, both of which are phylotypic axial structures along the nerve cord. Our findings suggest a novel non-reproductive role of GnRH in tunicates. Furthermore, we present evidence that GnRH-producing cells are present in the hindbrain and spinal cord of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, thereby suggesting the deep evolutionary origin of a non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1932-6203 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::595aef82da76b537f66feff050fa938f https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22848672/?tool=EBI |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....595aef82da76b537f66feff050fa938f |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 19326203 |
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