Assessing Future Water Demand and Associated Energy Input with Plausible Scenarios for Water Service Providers (WSPs) in Sub-Saharan Africa
| العنوان: | Assessing Future Water Demand and Associated Energy Input with Plausible Scenarios for Water Service Providers (WSPs) in Sub-Saharan Africa |
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| المؤلفون: | Norbert Kreuzinger, Paul T. Yillia, Pauline Macharia, Nzula Kitaka |
| المصدر: | Energies Volume 14 Issue 8 Energies, Vol 14, Iss 2169, p 2169 (2021) |
| بيانات النشر: | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), 2021. |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Control and Optimization, Population, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Water supply, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Desalination, lcsh:Technology, Per capita, future water demand, energy input, water demand-supply gap, 021108 energy, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Leakage (economics), education, Engineering (miscellaneous), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Consumption (economics), education.field_of_study, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, lcsh:T, Service provider, Environmental economics, Current (stream), water service providers (WSPs), drinking water supply, Environmental science, business, Energy (miscellaneous) |
| الوصف: | This study examined the current state of water demand and associated energy input for water supply against a projected increase in water demand in sub-Saharan Africa. Three plausible scenarios, namely, Current State Extends (CSE), Current State Improves (CSI) and Current State Deteriorates (CSD) were developed and applied using nine quantifiable indicators for water demand projections and the associated impact on energy input for water supply for five Water Service Providers (WSPs) in Kenya to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach based on real data in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, the daily per capita water-use in the service area of four of the five WSPs was below minimum daily requirement of 50 L/p/d. Further, non-revenue water losses were up to three times higher than the regulated benchmark (range 26–63%). Calculations showed a leakage reduction potential of up to 70% and energy savings of up to 12 MWh/a. The projected water demand is expected to increase by at least twelve times the current demand to achieve universal coverage and an average daily per capita consumption of 120 L/p/d for the urban population by 2030. Consequently, the energy input could increase almost twelve-folds with the CSI scenario or up to fifty-folds with the CSE scenario for WSPs where desalination or additional groundwater abstraction is proposed. The approach used can be applied for other WSPs which are experiencing a similar evolution of their water supply and demand drivers in sub-Saharan Africa. WSPs in the sub-region should explore aggressive strategies to jointly address persistent water losses and associated energy input. This would reduce the current water supply-demand gap and minimize the energy input that will be associated with exploring additional water sources that are typically energy intensive. |
| وصف الملف: | text; application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4b44734fda69321b7325e524a96333d8 http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/17876/ |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....4b44734fda69321b7325e524a96333d8 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| الوصف غير متاح. |