Background: Population-based cancer registries provide a resource to recruit young adult cancer survivors who may not be easily identified otherwise. Methods: We compared demographic and cancer-related characteristics of participants in a cohort of female young adult cancer survivors to those of eligible survivors in the Georgia Cancer Registry, a population-based registry in the United States. We examined associations between survivor characteristics and nonparticipation using logistic regression and associations between survivor characteristics and different types of nonparticipation (refusal, unable to contact, or unresolved vs. interviewed) using polytomous regression. Results: The Georgia Cancer Registry was able to contact 60% of eligible women (3,061/5,137). Of those, 78% agreed to study contact (n = 2,378), and of those, 56% were interviewed (n = 1,342). Participation was similar across age at contact and at diagnosis but varied across cancer type from 17% for cervical cancer to 32% for breast cancer. White women were slightly more likely to be interviewed (28%) than African American women (23%), which was mostly attributable to greater difficulty in contacting African American women (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–2.1). Conclusions: The greatest challenge to recruiting women was contacting them, which differed across some but not all demographic and cancer-related characteristics. When successfully contacted, most survivors agreed to participate. Impact: Population-based cancer registries can serve as an invaluable resource to recruit representative samples of young adult cancer survivors, who are otherwise difficult to identify.