European emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons inferred from atmospheric measurements and their comparison with annual national reports to UNFCCC
| العنوان: | European emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons inferred from atmospheric measurements and their comparison with annual national reports to UNFCCC |
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| المؤلفون: | Norbert Schmidbauer, Michela Maione, Simon O'Doherty, Francesco Graziosi, O. Hermanssen, Martin K. Vollmer, Dickon Young, Paolo Cristofanelli, G. Maenhout, Stefan Reimann, Umberto Giostra, Jgor Arduini, Chris Rene Lunder, Xuekun Fang, F. Furlani |
| المساهمون: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
| المصدر: | Other repository Atmospheric environment (1994) 158 (2017): 85–97. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.029 info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Graziosi, F.; Arduini, J.; Furlani, F.; Giostra, U.; Cristofanelli, P.; Fang, X.; Hermanssen, O.; Lunder, C.; Maenhout, G.; O'Doherty, S.; Reimann, S.; Schmidbauer, N.; Vollmer, M. K.; Young, D.; Maione, M./titolo:European emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons inferred from atmospheric measurements and their comparison with annual national reports to UNFCCC/doi:10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2017.03.029/rivista:Atmospheric environment (1994)/anno:2017/pagina_da:85/pagina_a:97/intervallo_pagine:85–97/volume:158 Graziosi, F, Arduini, J, Furlani, F, Giostra, U, Cristofanelli, P, Fang, X, Hermanssen, O, Lunder, C, Maenhout, G, O'Doherty, S, Reimann, S, Schmidbauer, N, Vollmer, M K, Young, T D S & Maione, M 2017, ' European emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons inferred from atmospheric measurements and their comparison with annual national reports to UNFCCC ', Atmospheric Environment, vol. 158 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.029 |
| بيانات النشر: | Elsevier BV, 2017. |
| سنة النشر: | 2017 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Emission inventories, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Developing country, Hydrofluorocarbons, Emission inventories, Kyoto Protocol, Montreal Protocol, Climate, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric measurements, 12. Responsible consumption, Convention, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Environmental protection, Inverse modelling, Montreal Protocol, atmospheric measurements, Emission verifications, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, emission verifications, Hydrofluorocarbons, Kyoto Protocol, Atmospheric research, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, F-gases |
| الوصف: | Hydrofluorocarbons are powerful greenhouse gases developed by industry after the phase-out of the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons required by the Montreal Protocol. The climate benefit of reducing the emissions of hydrofluorocarbons has been widely recognised, leading to an amendment of the Montreal Protocol (Kigali Amendment) calling for developed countries to start to phase-down hydrofluorocarbons by 2019 and in developing countries to follow with a freeze between 2024 and 2028. In this way, nearly half a degree Celsius of warming would be avoided by the end of the century. Hydrofluorocarbons are also included in the basket of gases controlled under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Annex I parties to the Convention submit annual national greenhouse gas inventories based on a bottom-up approach, which relies on declared anthropogenic activities. Top-down methodologies, based on atmospheric measurements and modelling, can be used in support to the inventory compilation. In this study we used atmospheric data from four European sites combined with the FLEXPART dispersion model and a Bayesian inversion method, in order to derive emissions of nine individual hydrofluorocarbons from the whole European Geographic Domain and from twelve regions within it, then comparing our results with the annual emissions that the European countries submit every year to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, as well as with the bottom-up Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. We found several discrepancies when considering the specific compounds and on the country level. However, an overall agreement is found when comparing European aggregated data, which between 2008 and 2014 are on average 84.2 +/- 28.0 Tg-CO2-eq.yr(-1) against the 95.1 Tg-CO2-eq.yr(-1) reported by UNFCCC in the same period. Therefore, in agreement with other studies, the gap on the global level between bottom-up estimates of Annex I countries and total global top-down emissions should be essentially due to emissions from non-reporting countries (non-Annex I). (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.029 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3ab0a6d3de385fd676f190720cc077e9 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126516 |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....3ab0a6d3de385fd676f190720cc077e9 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.029 |
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