Clinical Effects of Cigarette Smoking: Epidemiologic Impact and Review of Pharmacotherapy Options
| العنوان: | Clinical Effects of Cigarette Smoking: Epidemiologic Impact and Review of Pharmacotherapy Options |
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| المؤلفون: | Daniel L. Stirling, Shandrika R. Williams, Martha B. Harris, Daniel F. Sarpong, IfeanyiChukwu O. Onor, Amne Borghol, Tiernisha B. Darensburg, Daniel Bediako, Samuel C. Okpechi, Sharde D. Clay |
| المصدر: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 1147 (2017) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
| بيانات النشر: | MDPI AG, 2017. |
| سنة النشر: | 2017 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Nicotine, medicine.medical_specialty, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Alternative medicine, Psychological intervention, lcsh:Medicine, Review, cigarette, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, tobacco, Tobacco smoke, smoking, Cigarette Smoking, 03 medical and health sciences, pharmacotherapy, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacotherapy, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, non-pharmacologic therapy, Tobacco Use Cessation, business.industry, Public health, adverse health effects, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, United States, Smoking cessation, business |
| الوصف: | Cigarette smoking—a crucial modifiable risk factor for organ system diseases and cancer—remains prevalent in the United States and globally. In this literature review, we aim to summarize the epidemiology of cigarette smoking and tobacco use in the United States, pharmacology of nicotine—the active constituent of tobacco, and health consequence of cigarette smoking. This article also reviews behavioral and pharmacologic interventions for cigarette smokers and provides cost estimates for approved pharmacologic interventions in the United States. A literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, ClinicalKey, and PubMed databases using the following headings in combination or separately: cigarette smoking, tobacco smoking, epidemiology in the United States, health consequences of cigarette smoking, pharmacologic therapy for cigarette smoking, and non-pharmacologic therapy for cigarette smoking. This review found that efficacious non-pharmacologic interventions and pharmacologic therapy are available for cessation of cigarette smoking. Given the availability of efficacious interventions for cigarette smoking cessation, concerted efforts should be made by healthcare providers and public health professionals to promote smoking cessation as a valuable approach for reducing non-smokers’ exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1660-4601 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::35e9baa582cc9d0c1ae18b9509469700 https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/10/1147 |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....35e9baa582cc9d0c1ae18b9509469700 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 16604601 |
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