Unknown eruption source parameters cause large uncertainty in historical volcanic radiative forcing reconstructions

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Unknown eruption source parameters cause large uncertainty in historical volcanic radiative forcing reconstructions
المؤلفون: Lindsay Lee, Richard Rigby, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Anja Schmidt, Graham Mann, Lauren Marshall, Jill S. Johnson
المساهمون: Marshall, LR [0000-0003-1471-9481], Schmidt, A [0000-0001-8759-2843], Mann, GW [0000-0003-1746-2837], Lee, LA [0000-0002-8029-6328], Rigby, R [0000-0001-9554-6054], Carslaw, KS [0000-0002-6800-154X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Marshall, Lauren R. [0000-0003-1471-9481], Schmidt, Anja [0000-0001-8759-2843], Mann, Graham W. [0000-0003-1746-2837], Lee, Lindsay A. [0000-0002-8029-6328], Rigby, Richard [0000-0001-9554-6054], Carslaw, Ken S. [0000-0002-6800-154X]
بيانات النشر: American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2021.
سنة النشر: 2021
مصطلحات موضوعية: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Radio oceanography, Forcing (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, statistical emulation, ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES, Climate change and variability, Oceans, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sea level change, OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL, geography.geographical_feature_category, General circulation, Regional modeling, Atmospheric effects, sulfate deposition, Hydrological cycles and budgets, Gravity and isostasy, volcanic eruptions, Geophysics, RADIO SCIENCE, volcanic radiative forcing, Land/atmosphere interactions, Global change from geodesy, Atmospheric, Climate impact, Mud volcanism, Volcano monitoring, MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS, CRYOSPHERE, Earthquake ground motions and engineering seismology, Effusive volcanism, HYDROLOGY, Sulfate aerosol, Sea level: variations and mean, Sulfate, Climate variability, Solid Earth, Tsunamis and storm surges, VOLCANOLOGY, Explosive eruption, COMPUTATIONAL GEOPHYSICS, Geological, Ocean/Earth/atmosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere interactions, Volcano seismology, SEISMOLOGY, Modeling, Benefit‐cost analysis, Radiative forcing, Avalanches, NATURAL HAZARDS, Abrupt/rapid climate change, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Volcanic effects, volcanic aerosol, Atmospheric Science, Ocean monitoring with geodetic techniques, Mass balance, Atmospheric sciences, Climate dynamics, Air/sea interactions, Regional climate change, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ice core, INFORMATICS, Numerical modeling, Radiative transfer, Surface waves and tides, Earth system modeling, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, Explosive volcanism, GEODESY AND GRAVITY, Climatology, Physical modeling, Decadal ocean variability, POLICY SCIENCES, Ocean/atmosphere interactions, Volcano/climate interactions, Climate and interannual variability, Impacts of global change, OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL, Disaster risk analysis and assessment, Research Article, Climate impacts, Risk, Air/sea constituent fluxes, Oceanic, Numerical solutions, Volcanic hazards and risks, GLOBAL CHANGE, ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, BIOGEOSCIENCES, Water cycles, Volcano, Ocean influence of Earth rotation, Environmental science, Theoretical modeling
الوصف: Funder: U.K. China Research and Innovation Partnership Fund
Funder: National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS); Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000662
Reconstructions of volcanic aerosol radiative forcing are required to understand past climate variability. Currently, reconstructions of pre‐20th century volcanic forcing are derived from sulfate concentrations measured in polar ice cores, mainly using a relationship between the average ice‐sheet sulfate deposition and stratospheric sulfate aerosol burden based on a single explosive eruption—the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Here we estimate volcanic radiative forcings and associated uncertainty ranges from ice‐core sulfate records of eight of the largest bipolar deposition signals in the last 2,500 years using statistical emulation of a perturbed parameter ensemble of aerosol‐climate model simulations of explosive eruptions. Extensive sampling of different combinations of eruption source parameters using the emulators reveals that a very wide range of eruptions in different seasons with different sulfur dioxide emissions, eruption latitudes, and emission altitudes produce ice‐sheet sulfate deposition consistent with ice‐core records. Consequently, we find a large range in the volcanic forcing that can be directly attributed to the unknown eruption source parameters. We estimate that the uncertainty in volcanic forcing caused by many plausible eruption realizations leads to uncertainties in the global mean surface cooling of around 1°C for the largest unidentified historical eruptions. Our emulators are available online (https://cemac.github.io/volcanic-forcing-deposition) where eruption realizations for given ice‐sheet sulfate depositions can be explored.
وصف الملف: application/pdf; text/xml
اللغة: English
تدمد: 2169-897X
2169-8996
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0fb4092dc2dbbb3fec19567373d62456
Rights: OPEN
رقم الانضمام: edsair.doi.dedup.....0fb4092dc2dbbb3fec19567373d62456
قاعدة البيانات: OpenAIRE
ResultId 1
Header edsair
OpenAIRE
edsair.doi.dedup.....0fb4092dc2dbbb3fec19567373d62456
854
3

unknown
853.902160644531
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&scope=site&db=edsair&AN=edsair.doi.dedup.....0fb4092dc2dbbb3fec19567373d62456&custid=s6537998&authtype=sso
FullText Array ( [Availability] => 0 )
Array ( [0] => Array ( [Url] => https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0fb4092dc2dbbb3fec19567373d62456# [Name] => EDS - OpenAIRE [Category] => fullText [Text] => View record in OpenAIRE [MouseOverText] => View record in OpenAIRE ) )
Items Array ( [Name] => Title [Label] => Title [Group] => Ti [Data] => Unknown eruption source parameters cause large uncertainty in historical volcanic radiative forcing reconstructions )
Array ( [Name] => Author [Label] => Authors [Group] => Au [Data] => <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lindsay+Lee%22">Lindsay Lee</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Richard+Rigby%22">Richard Rigby</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kenneth+S%2E+Carslaw%22">Kenneth S. Carslaw</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anja+Schmidt%22">Anja Schmidt</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Graham+Mann%22">Graham Mann</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lauren+Marshall%22">Lauren Marshall</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jill+S%2E+Johnson%22">Jill S. Johnson</searchLink> )
Array ( [Name] => Author [Label] => Contributors [Group] => Au [Data] => Marshall, LR [0000-0003-1471-9481]<br />Schmidt, A [0000-0001-8759-2843]<br />Mann, GW [0000-0003-1746-2837]<br />Lee, LA [0000-0002-8029-6328]<br />Rigby, R [0000-0001-9554-6054]<br />Carslaw, KS [0000-0002-6800-154X]<br />Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository<br />Marshall, Lauren R. [0000-0003-1471-9481]<br />Schmidt, Anja [0000-0001-8759-2843]<br />Mann, Graham W. [0000-0003-1746-2837]<br />Lee, Lindsay A. [0000-0002-8029-6328]<br />Rigby, Richard [0000-0001-9554-6054]<br />Carslaw, Ken S. [0000-0002-6800-154X] )
Array ( [Name] => Publisher [Label] => Publisher Information [Group] => PubInfo [Data] => American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2021. )
Array ( [Name] => DatePubCY [Label] => Publication Year [Group] => Date [Data] => 2021 )
Array ( [Name] => Subject [Label] => Subject Terms [Group] => Su [Data] => <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22010504+meteorology+%26+atmospheric+sciences%22">010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radio+oceanography%22">Radio oceanography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forcing+%28mathematics%29%22">Forcing (mathematics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%2201+natural+sciences%22">01 natural sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22statistical+emulation%22">statistical emulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ATMOSPHERIC+PROCESSES%22">ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change+and+variability%22">Climate change and variability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oceans%22">Oceans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth+and+Planetary+Sciences+%28miscellaneous%29%22">Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sea+level+change%22">Sea level change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22OCEANOGRAPHY%3A+PHYSICAL%22">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22geography%2Egeographical%5Ffeature%5Fcategory%22">geography.geographical_feature_category</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22General+circulation%22">General circulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regional+modeling%22">Regional modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+effects%22">Atmospheric effects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22sulfate+deposition%22">sulfate deposition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrological+cycles+and+budgets%22">Hydrological cycles and budgets</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gravity+and+isostasy%22">Gravity and isostasy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22volcanic+eruptions%22">volcanic eruptions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geophysics%22">Geophysics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22RADIO+SCIENCE%22">RADIO SCIENCE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22volcanic+radiative+forcing%22">volcanic radiative forcing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Land%2Fatmosphere+interactions%22">Land/atmosphere interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+change+from+geodesy%22">Global change from geodesy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric%22">Atmospheric</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+impact%22">Climate impact</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mud+volcanism%22">Mud volcanism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcano+monitoring%22">Volcano monitoring</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MARINE+GEOLOGY+AND+GEOPHYSICS%22">MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CRYOSPHERE%22">CRYOSPHERE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthquake+ground+motions+and+engineering+seismology%22">Earthquake ground motions and engineering seismology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Effusive+volcanism%22">Effusive volcanism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HYDROLOGY%22">HYDROLOGY</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfate+aerosol%22">Sulfate aerosol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sea+level%3A+variations+and+mean%22">Sea level: variations and mean</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfate%22">Sulfate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+variability%22">Climate variability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solid+Earth%22">Solid Earth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tsunamis+and+storm+surges%22">Tsunamis and storm surges</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22VOLCANOLOGY%22">VOLCANOLOGY</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Explosive+eruption%22">Explosive eruption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COMPUTATIONAL+GEOPHYSICS%22">COMPUTATIONAL GEOPHYSICS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geological%22">Geological</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean%2FEarth%2Fatmosphere%2Fhydrosphere%2Fcryosphere+interactions%22">Ocean/Earth/atmosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcano+seismology%22">Volcano seismology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SEISMOLOGY%22">SEISMOLOGY</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Modeling%22">Modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Benefit‐cost+analysis%22">Benefit‐cost analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiative+forcing%22">Radiative forcing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Avalanches%22">Avalanches</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22NATURAL+HAZARDS%22">NATURAL HAZARDS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Abrupt%2Frapid+climate+change%22">Abrupt/rapid climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space+and+Planetary+Science%22">Space and Planetary Science</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+effects%22">Volcanic effects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22volcanic+aerosol%22">volcanic aerosol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+Science%22">Atmospheric Science</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+monitoring+with+geodetic+techniques%22">Ocean monitoring with geodetic techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mass+balance%22">Mass balance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+sciences%22">Atmospheric sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+dynamics%22">Climate dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air%2Fsea+interactions%22">Air/sea interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regional+climate+change%22">Regional climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22chemistry%2Echemical%5Fcompound%22">chemistry.chemical_compound</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ice+core%22">Ice core</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22INFORMATICS%22">INFORMATICS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+modeling%22">Numerical modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiative+transfer%22">Radiative transfer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+waves+and+tides%22">Surface waves and tides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth+system+modeling%22">Earth system modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PALEOCEANOGRAPHY%22">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Explosive+volcanism%22">Explosive volcanism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22GEODESY+AND+GRAVITY%22">GEODESY AND GRAVITY</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climatology%22">Climatology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+modeling%22">Physical modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decadal+ocean+variability%22">Decadal ocean variability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22POLICY+SCIENCES%22">POLICY SCIENCES</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean%2Fatmosphere+interactions%22">Ocean/atmosphere interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcano%2Fclimate+interactions%22">Volcano/climate interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+and+interannual+variability%22">Climate and interannual variability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impacts+of+global+change%22">Impacts of global change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22OCEANOGRAPHY%3A+GENERAL%22">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disaster+risk+analysis+and+assessment%22">Disaster risk analysis and assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+Article%22">Research Article</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+impacts%22">Climate impacts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk%22">Risk</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air%2Fsea+constituent+fluxes%22">Air/sea constituent fluxes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oceanic%22">Oceanic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+solutions%22">Numerical solutions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+hazards+and+risks%22">Volcanic hazards and risks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22GLOBAL+CHANGE%22">GLOBAL CHANGE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ATMOSPHERIC+COMPOSITION+AND+STRUCTURE%22">ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%220105+earth+and+related+environmental+sciences%22">0105 earth and related environmental sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22geography%22">geography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22BIOGEOSCIENCES%22">BIOGEOSCIENCES</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+cycles%22">Water cycles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcano%22">Volcano</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+influence+of+Earth+rotation%22">Ocean influence of Earth rotation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+science%22">Environmental science</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Theoretical+modeling%22">Theoretical modeling</searchLink> )
Array ( [Name] => Abstract [Label] => Description [Group] => Ab [Data] => Funder: U.K. China Research and Innovation Partnership Fund<br />Funder: National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS); Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000662<br />Reconstructions of volcanic aerosol radiative forcing are required to understand past climate variability. Currently, reconstructions of pre‐20th century volcanic forcing are derived from sulfate concentrations measured in polar ice cores, mainly using a relationship between the average ice‐sheet sulfate deposition and stratospheric sulfate aerosol burden based on a single explosive eruption—the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Here we estimate volcanic radiative forcings and associated uncertainty ranges from ice‐core sulfate records of eight of the largest bipolar deposition signals in the last 2,500 years using statistical emulation of a perturbed parameter ensemble of aerosol‐climate model simulations of explosive eruptions. Extensive sampling of different combinations of eruption source parameters using the emulators reveals that a very wide range of eruptions in different seasons with different sulfur dioxide emissions, eruption latitudes, and emission altitudes produce ice‐sheet sulfate deposition consistent with ice‐core records. Consequently, we find a large range in the volcanic forcing that can be directly attributed to the unknown eruption source parameters. We estimate that the uncertainty in volcanic forcing caused by many plausible eruption realizations leads to uncertainties in the global mean surface cooling of around 1°C for the largest unidentified historical eruptions. Our emulators are available online (https://cemac.github.io/volcanic-forcing-deposition) where eruption realizations for given ice‐sheet sulfate depositions can be explored. )
Array ( [Name] => Format [Label] => File Description [Group] => SrcInfo [Data] => application/pdf; text/xml )
Array ( [Name] => Language [Label] => Language [Group] => Lang [Data] => English )
Array ( [Name] => ISSN [Label] => ISSN [Group] => ISSN [Data] => 2169-897X<br />2169-8996 )
Array ( [Name] => URL [Label] => Access URL [Group] => URL [Data] => <link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0fb4092dc2dbbb3fec19567373d62456" linkWindow="_blank">https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0fb4092dc2dbbb3fec19567373d62456</link> )
Array ( [Name] => Copyright [Label] => Rights [Group] => Cpyrght [Data] => OPEN )
Array ( [Name] => AN [Label] => Accession Number [Group] => ID [Data] => edsair.doi.dedup.....0fb4092dc2dbbb3fec19567373d62456 )
RecordInfo Array ( [BibEntity] => Array ( [Languages] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [Text] => English ) ) [Subjects] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences [Type] => general ) [1] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Radio oceanography [Type] => general ) [2] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Forcing (mathematics) [Type] => general ) [3] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => 01 natural sciences [Type] => general ) [4] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => statistical emulation [Type] => general ) [5] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES [Type] => general ) [6] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Climate change and variability [Type] => general ) [7] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Oceans [Type] => general ) [8] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) [Type] => general ) [9] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Sea level change [Type] => general ) [10] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL [Type] => general ) [11] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => geography.geographical_feature_category [Type] => general ) [12] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => General circulation [Type] => general ) [13] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Regional modeling [Type] => general ) [14] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Atmospheric effects [Type] => general ) [15] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => sulfate deposition [Type] => general ) [16] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Hydrological cycles and budgets [Type] => general ) [17] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Gravity and isostasy [Type] => general ) [18] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => volcanic eruptions [Type] => general ) [19] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Geophysics [Type] => general ) [20] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => RADIO SCIENCE [Type] => general ) [21] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => volcanic radiative forcing [Type] => general ) [22] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Land/atmosphere interactions [Type] => general ) [23] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Global change from geodesy [Type] => general ) [24] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Atmospheric [Type] => general ) [25] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Climate impact [Type] => general ) [26] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Mud volcanism [Type] => general ) [27] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Volcano monitoring [Type] => general ) [28] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS [Type] => general ) [29] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => CRYOSPHERE [Type] => general ) [30] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Earthquake ground motions and engineering seismology [Type] => general ) [31] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Effusive volcanism [Type] => general ) [32] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => HYDROLOGY [Type] => general ) [33] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Sulfate aerosol [Type] => general ) [34] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Sea level: variations and mean [Type] => general ) [35] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Sulfate [Type] => general ) [36] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Climate variability [Type] => general ) [37] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Solid Earth [Type] => general ) [38] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Tsunamis and storm surges [Type] => general ) [39] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => VOLCANOLOGY [Type] => general ) [40] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Explosive eruption [Type] => general ) [41] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => COMPUTATIONAL GEOPHYSICS [Type] => general ) [42] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Geological [Type] => general ) [43] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Ocean/Earth/atmosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere interactions [Type] => general ) [44] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Volcano seismology [Type] => general ) [45] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => SEISMOLOGY [Type] => general ) [46] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Modeling [Type] => general ) [47] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Benefit‐cost analysis [Type] => general ) [48] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Radiative forcing [Type] => general ) [49] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Avalanches [Type] => general ) [50] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => NATURAL HAZARDS [Type] => general ) [51] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Abrupt/rapid climate change [Type] => general ) [52] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => chemistry [Type] => general ) [53] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Space and Planetary Science [Type] => general ) [54] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Volcanic effects [Type] => general ) [55] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => volcanic aerosol [Type] => general ) [56] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Atmospheric Science [Type] => general ) [57] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Ocean monitoring with geodetic techniques [Type] => general ) [58] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Mass balance [Type] => general ) [59] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Atmospheric sciences [Type] => general ) [60] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Climate dynamics [Type] => general ) [61] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Air/sea interactions [Type] => general ) [62] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Regional climate change [Type] => general ) [63] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => chemistry.chemical_compound [Type] => general ) [64] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Ice core [Type] => general ) [65] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => INFORMATICS [Type] => general ) [66] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Numerical modeling [Type] => general ) [67] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Radiative transfer [Type] => general ) [68] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Surface waves and tides [Type] => general ) [69] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Earth system modeling [Type] => general ) [70] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => PALEOCEANOGRAPHY [Type] => general ) [71] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Explosive volcanism [Type] => general ) [72] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => GEODESY AND GRAVITY [Type] => general ) [73] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Climatology [Type] => general ) [74] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Physical modeling [Type] => general ) [75] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Decadal ocean variability [Type] => general ) [76] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => POLICY SCIENCES [Type] => general ) [77] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Ocean/atmosphere interactions [Type] => general ) [78] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Volcano/climate interactions [Type] => general ) [79] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Climate and interannual variability [Type] => general ) [80] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Impacts of global change [Type] => general ) [81] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL [Type] => general ) [82] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Disaster risk analysis and assessment [Type] => general ) [83] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Research Article [Type] => general ) [84] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Climate impacts [Type] => general ) [85] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Risk [Type] => general ) [86] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Air/sea constituent fluxes [Type] => general ) [87] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Oceanic [Type] => general ) [88] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Numerical solutions [Type] => general ) [89] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Volcanic hazards and risks [Type] => general ) [90] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => GLOBAL CHANGE [Type] => general ) [91] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE [Type] => general ) [92] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => 0105 earth and related environmental sciences [Type] => general ) [93] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => geography [Type] => general ) [94] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => BIOGEOSCIENCES [Type] => general ) [95] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Water cycles [Type] => general ) [96] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Volcano [Type] => general ) [97] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Ocean influence of Earth rotation [Type] => general ) [98] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Environmental science [Type] => general ) [99] => Array ( [SubjectFull] => Theoretical modeling [Type] => general ) ) [Titles] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [TitleFull] => Unknown eruption source parameters cause large uncertainty in historical volcanic radiative forcing reconstructions [Type] => main ) ) ) [BibRelationships] => Array ( [HasContributorRelationships] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Lindsay Lee ) ) ) [1] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Richard Rigby ) ) ) [2] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Kenneth S. Carslaw ) ) ) [3] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Anja Schmidt ) ) ) [4] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Graham Mann ) ) ) [5] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Lauren Marshall ) ) ) [6] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Jill S. Johnson ) ) ) [7] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Marshall, LR [0000-0003-1471-9481] ) ) ) [8] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Schmidt, A [0000-0001-8759-2843] ) ) ) [9] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Mann, GW [0000-0003-1746-2837] ) ) ) [10] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Lee, LA [0000-0002-8029-6328] ) ) ) [11] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Rigby, R [0000-0001-9554-6054] ) ) ) [12] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Carslaw, KS [0000-0002-6800-154X] ) ) ) [13] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository ) ) ) [14] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Marshall, Lauren R. [0000-0003-1471-9481] ) ) ) [15] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Schmidt, Anja [0000-0001-8759-2843] ) ) ) [16] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Mann, Graham W. [0000-0003-1746-2837] ) ) ) [17] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Lee, Lindsay A. [0000-0002-8029-6328] ) ) ) [18] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Rigby, Richard [0000-0001-9554-6054] ) ) ) [19] => Array ( [PersonEntity] => Array ( [Name] => Array ( [NameFull] => Carslaw, Ken S. [0000-0002-6800-154X] ) ) ) ) [IsPartOfRelationships] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [BibEntity] => Array ( [Dates] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [D] => 16 [M] => 07 [Type] => published [Y] => 2021 ) ) [Identifiers] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [Type] => issn-print [Value] => 2169897X ) [1] => Array ( [Type] => issn-print [Value] => 21698996 ) [2] => Array ( [Type] => issn-locals [Value] => edsair ) [3] => Array ( [Type] => issn-locals [Value] => edsairFT ) ) ) ) ) ) )
IllustrationInfo