Ionospheric tomography by gradient enhanced kriging with STEC measurements and ionosonde characteristics
| العنوان: | Ionospheric tomography by gradient enhanced kriging with STEC measurements and ionosonde characteristics |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | D. Minkwitz, K. G. van den Boogaart, T. Gerzen, M. Hoque, M. Hernández-Pajares |
| المساهمون: | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. IonSAT - Grup de determinació Ionosfèrica i navegació per SAtèl·lit i sistemes Terrestres |
| المصدر: | UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Annales Geophysicae, Vol 34, Pp 999-1010 (2016) Annales Geophysicae 34(2016)11, 999-1010 Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya instname |
| سنة النشر: | 2016 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Covariance function, TEC, 85 Astronomy and astrophysics [Classificació AMS], ionosphere, 02 engineering and technology, tomography, 01 natural sciences, Geometria computacional, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica::Radioastronomia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Kriging, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), kriging, Geostatistics, Matemàtiques i estadística::Topologia::Topologia algebraica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], multi-sensor, lcsh:Science, data assimilation, VTEC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Parametric statistics, Total electron content, lcsh:QC801-809, gradient enhanced kriging, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Covariance, lcsh:QC1-999, STEC, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Spectral sequences (Mathematics), Space and Planetary Science, GNSS applications, Astronomy and astrophysics, Astronomia, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, 55 Algebraic topology::55T Spectral sequences [Classificació AMS], Kriging of functionals, Ionosonde, lcsh:Physics |
| الوصف: | The estimation of the ionospheric electron density by kriging is based on the optimization of a parametric measurement covariance model. First, the extension of kriging with slant total electron content (STEC) measurements based on a spatial covariance to kriging with a spatial–temporal covariance model, assimilating STEC data of a sliding window, is presented. Secondly, a novel tomography approach by gradient-enhanced kriging (GEK) is developed. Beyond the ingestion of STEC measurements, GEK assimilates ionosonde characteristics, providing peak electron density measurements as well as gradient information. Both approaches deploy the 3-D electron density model NeQuick as a priori information and estimate the covariance parameter vector within a maximum likelihood estimation for the dedicated tomography time stamp. The methods are validated in the European region for two periods covering quiet and active ionospheric conditions. The kriging with spatial and spatial–temporal covariance model is analysed regarding its capability to reproduce STEC, differential STEC and foF2. Therefore, the estimates are compared to the NeQuick model results, the 2-D TEC maps of the International GNSS Service and the DLR's Ionospheric Monitoring and Prediction Center, and in the case of foF2 to two independent ionosonde stations. Moreover, simulated STEC and ionosonde measurements are used to investigate the electron density profiles estimated by the GEK in comparison to a kriging with STEC only. The results indicate a crucial improvement in the initial guess by the developed methods and point out the potential compensation for a bias in the peak height hmF2 by means of GEK. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::04fda4bae2d5a5d3fbbf9bb8293c613c https://elib.dlr.de/107674/ |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....04fda4bae2d5a5d3fbbf9bb8293c613c |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| الوصف غير متاح. |