The exponential increase in human population on earth and corresponding anthropogenic activities are jeopardizing the environmental sustainability of the planet. Two of the main anthropogenic influences are transport and waste. The escalating demand of transport is increasing the energy need, thereby placing an incredible strain on fossil fuel reserves that are depleting fast. On the other hand, owing to growing commodities (both in variety and number), waste generation has ever been accelerating. In the waste management industry, the sustainable waste hierarchy is a fundamental benchmark, according to which, landfilling is the least preferred option and waste-to-energy is relatively the more preferred option (i.e., incineration). Furthermore, the transport sector is the second largest energy consumer amounting to 25% of the total global energy production. Transport can be categorized into three main types as follows: land, air, and water. Among these three types, waste-to-energy is more practically feasible in the water/maritime transport. From the review of the relevant literature, it seems that much studies have not been carried out specific to this possibility. The paper focuses on this knowledge gap, thereby aiming to create a clear account of challenges as well as benefits of replacing the consumption of fossil fuel by waste-to-energy i.e., a kind of “onboard” waste incineration to propel maritime vessels and also supply energy to “onboard” built environments, thus killing two birds (transport and waste) with one stone (energy). This study recognizes the potential of waste-to-energy in the transport sector, with the main focus on maritime transport. The paper also presents innovative insights in terms of how maritime transport is being driven by energy-from-waste instead of fossil fuels.