Belknapchiton belknapi Sirenko & Saito & Schwabe 2022, n. comb
| العنوان: | Belknapchiton belknapi Sirenko & Saito & Schwabe 2022, n. comb |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Sirenko, Boris, Saito, Hiroshi, Schwabe, Enrico |
| بيانات النشر: | Zenodo, 2022. |
| سنة النشر: | 2022 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Polyplacophora, Mollusca, Lepidopleurida, Animalia, Belknapchiton belknapi, Belknapchiton, Biodiversity, Leptochitonidae, Taxonomy |
| الوصف: | Belknapchiton belknapi (Dall, 1878) n. comb. (Figs 1–15) Leptochiton belknapi Dall 1878a: 1; 1878b: 99 (in part); 1879: 317 (in part); 1882: 411 (in part); Smith 1947a: 4; 1947b: 17; Ferreira 1979: 152, 153, 156, fig. 10; Wu & Okutani 1984: 8, pl. 1: figs 5–6, pl. 4: figs 2–10, pl. 5: figs 5–9, pl. 6: figs 1–3 (in part, see below); Kaas 1985a: 305; 1985b: 335; Kaas & Van Belle 1987: 23, fig. 10; 1998: 29; Skoglund 1989: 79 (in part); 1990: 28 (in part); 2001: 3 (in part); Bank 1994: 15 (in part); Sirenko 1994: 162; 2013: 148; 2015: 154–155; Sirenko & Agapova 1997: 213, fig. 2B; Kaiser 1997: 47; Schwabe 2008: 213 (in part); Sigwart 2008a: 45; Schwabe & Sellanes 2010: 33, figs 1L–M; Sigwart et al. 2014: 7, fig. 5B; Bertolaso et al. 2015: 10; Sirenko & Sellanes 2016: 262, figs 1A, B, 2–4; Drumm et al. 2016: 88 (in part); Reyes-Gómez 2016: 5 (in part), fig. 4. Lepidopleurus mesogonus Dall 1902: 555; 1908: 354; 1921: 187; Oldroyd 1927: 250; Clarke 1962: 5; Abbott 1974: 393; Kaas & Van Belle 1998: 123. Lepidopleurus farallonis Dall 1902: 557; 1921: 187; Oldroyd 1927: 250; Clarke 1962: 5; Thorpe 1971: 882; Abbott 1974: 393; Scott et al. 1990: 4; Kaas & Van Belle 1998: 71. Lepidopleurus opacus Dall 1908: 354; Clarke 1962: 5; Thorpe 1971: 882; Scott et al. 1990: 4; Kaas & Van Belle 1998: 135. Lepidopleurus alveolus; Jakovleva 1952: 57, fig. 18, pl. 1, fig. 6 (in part, non Chiton alveolus M. Sars MS, Lovén, 1846). Lepidopleurus japonicus; Jakovleva 1952: 56, fig. 17, pl. 1, fig. 5 (non Lepidopleurus japonicus Thiele, 1909) Lepidopleurus belknapi; Abbott 1974: 393 Leptochiton alveolus; Ferreira 1979:152, fig. 10 (in part, non Chiton alveolus M. Sars MS, Lovén, 1846); Kaas & Van Belle 1985: 36, fig. 14, map 6 (in part, non Chiton alveolus M. Sars MS, Lovén, 1846); Squires & Goedert 1995: 49, figs 3–6 (in part, non Chiton alveolus M. Sars MS, Lovén, 1846). Leptochiton farallonis; Smith 1947a: 5; 1947b: 17; Burghardt & Burghardt 1969: 24; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 45. Leptochiton mesogonus; Smith 1947a: 5; 1947b: 17; Burghardt & Burghardt 1969: 25; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 84. Leptochiton opacus; Smith & Ferreira 1977: 84, figs 3–4; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 93. Leptochiton sp. Sellanes et al. 2004: 1066. Leptochiton cf. belknapi; Avdeev & Sirenko 2005: 527, 537, 540; Stebbins & Eernisse 2009: 55; Schwabe et al. 2014: 172, 176, 180. non: Leptochiton belknapi; Kaas 1991: 10 (in part) (= Connexochiton kaasi Saito, 1997 fide Sirenko 2021) Excluded here is the Challenger Expedition material (see Discussion) from Luzon, referred to as: Leptochiton belknapi; Haddon 1886: 10, pl. 1, fig. 2, pl. 2, figs 2a–d; Burghardt & Burghardt 1969: 23; 1972: 79 Lepidopleurus belknapi; Pilsbry 1892: 7, pl. 1, figs 18–22; Nierstrasz 1905: 4, 5, 10, 110; Maluquer 1915: 208; Dall 1921: 187; Oldroyd 1927: 8, 249; Taki 1940: 489; Clarke 1962: 5; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 15 Type material. Holotype (USNM 30972). Type locality. Off western Aleutian Islands, 53°08’N, 171°19’W, 1840 m depth. Material examined. Total 344 spms. Holotype; Japan, northeastern Honshu, RV Vitjaz, st. 667, 38°40.1’N, 143°29.3’E, 3012 m, Sigsbee trawl, 2 spms, BL 32.0–33.0 mm, 10.05.1957; st. 6671, 40°12’N, 143°35.8’E, 2500 m, Sigsbee trawl, 60 spms, BL 9.0–29.0 mm, 23.06.1972; RV Soyo-Maru, st. R2, 37°29.0’N, 142°37.4’E, 1730– 1740 m, Agassiz trawl, 2 spms (NSMT-Mo 60003), BL c. 25–40 mm, 22.06.1977; Izu-Ogasawara Islands, RV Soyo-Maru, st. B2, 34°04.0’N, 139°54.9’E, 1230–1340 m, Agassiz trawl, 13 spms (NSMT-Mo 59993), BL 4.7– 12.7. mm, 09.03.1959; st. B4, 31°58.1’N, 140°21.0’E, 2230–2245 m, Agassiz trawl, 1 spm (NSMT-Mo 59994), BL c. 20 mm, 12.07.1964; st. B2, 34°04.0’N, 140°01.5’E, 1270–1280 m, Agassiz trawl, 3 spms (NSMT-Mo 59995), BL 11.3–21.7. mm, 09.03.1965; st. B5, 30°37.5’N, 140°31.0’E, 1660–1830 m, Agassiz trawl, 1 spm (NSMT-Mo 59997), BL 15.8. mm, 05.12.1967; st. B2, 33°10.0’N, 140°06.1’E, 1410–1450 m, Agassiz trawl, 3 spms (NSMT-Mo 59998), BL 10.7–19.2 mm, 05.07.1968; st. B5, 30°37.0’N, 140°40.5’E, 2140 m, Agassiz trawl, 2 spms (NSMT-Mo 59999), BL 12.2–15.3 mm, 03.07.1969; st. B2, 34°08.0’N, 139°58.0’E, 1250 m, Agassiz trawl, 2 spms (NSMT-Mo 60000), BL 7.9–17.0 mm, 10.11.1971; st. B2, 34°06.5’N, 139°59.0’E, 1350 m, Agassiz trawl, 5 spms (NSMT-Mo 60001), BL 14.2–20.3 mm, 08.06.1973; st. B2, 33°58.5’N, 140°24.3’E, 1560 m, Agassiz trawl, 2 spms (NSMT-Mo 60002), BL 13.0–c. 25 mm, 28.07.1976; Kurile Islands and southeastern Kamchatka, RV Toporok, st. 17, 43°32.5’N, 147°20.5’E, 1450–1530 m, 4 spms, BL 11.0–42.0 mm, 28.08.1948; RV Vitjaz, st. 5638, 44°36’N, 149°07’E, 1710– 1880 m, Galathea trawl, 2 spms, BL 25.0–32.0 mm, 10.09.1966; RV Tikhookeansky, st. 7, sample 19, 43°25’11’’N, 146°04’11’’E, 490 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 3.2 mm, 08.07.1987; st. 107, sample 301, 44°44.3’N, 146°59.1’E, 700 m, dredge, 4 spms, BL 23.0–30.0 mm, 26.07.1987; RV Vitjaz, st. 3303, 53°54.2’N, 160°42.7’E, 684 m, Sigsbee trawl, 1 spm, BL 10.0 mm, 24.05.1955; st. 3304, 53°54.2’N, 160°42.7’E, 1000 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 28.0 mm, 24.05.1955; RV Akademik Mstislav Keldish, st. 2325, 53°27.7’N, 160°59.3’E, 3106– 2992 m, Sigsbee trawl, 1 spm, BL 25.0 mm, 12.08.1990; st. 2328, 53°26.59’N, 160°21.0’E, 1814–1920 m, dredge, 5 spms, BL 20.0–22.0 mm, 12.08.1990; Sea of Okhotsk, RV Vitjaz, st. 1853, 55°38’N, 143°0’E, 420 m, Sigsbee trawl, 1 spm, BL 24.0 mm, 18.10.1952; st. 1854, 55°49’N, 143°4’E, 590 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 15.0 mm, 18.10.1952; st. 861, 49°46.5’N, 155°04’E, 390 m, 1 spm, BL 10.0 mm, 24.06.1951; RV Partizansk, st. 43, 49°20’N, 146°18’E, 370 m, dredge, 1 spm, BL 29.0 mm, 06.08.1978; Commander Islands, RV Vitjaz, st. 626, 55°37’N, 164°36.7’E, 2440 m, Sigsbee trawl, 4 spms, BL 8.0–14.0 mm, 28.09.1950; st. 3353, 53°53.5’N, 169°15.15’E, 1600 m, Sigsbee trawl, 1 spm, BL 7.0 mm, 05.06.1955; RV Rakitnoe, st. 174, sample 409, 55°17’6’’N, 166°37’8’’E, 150– 130 m, 3 spms, BL 22.0–31.0 mm, 21.09.1973; st. 183, sample 418, 55°08’0’’N, 165°08’3’’E, 250– 130 m, 3 spm, BL 19.0 mm, 22.09.1973; st. 192, sample 454, 55°05’5’’N, 165°48’0’’E, 150–200 m, 3 spms, BL 19.0–20.0 mm, 23.09.1973; st. 224, sample 582, 54°36’8’’N, 167°21’5’’E, 130–250 m, 22 spms, BL 6.0–21.0 mm, 02.10.1973; st. 229, sample 587, 54°29’3’’N, 167°31’1’’E, 150–200 m, 31 spms, BL 4.5–23.0 mm, 03.10.1973; st. 240, sample 598, 55°11’7’’N, 165°34’0’’E, 130–250 m, 7 spms, BL 13.0–25.0 mm, 05.10.1973; st. 241, sample 599, 55°12’5’’N, 165°34’5’’E, 100 m, 1 spm, BL 10.0 mm, 05.10.1973; st. 245, sample 603, 55°25’3’’N, 165°58’0’’E, 150–300 m, 10 spms, BL 7.0–9.0 mm, 06.10.1973; RV Akademik Mstislav Keldish, st. 2306, 54°57.1’N, 165°49.9’E, 4805– 3724 m, Sigsbee trawl, 2 spms, BL 6.0– 8.5 mm, 29.07.1990; st. 2310, 55°23.38’N, 167°15.7’E, 580–750 m, dredge, 1 spm, BL 2.0 mm, 01.08.1990; st. 2312, 55°25.16’N, 167°15.15’E, 470– 375 m, dredge, 1 spm, BL 6.0 mm, 02.08.1990; st. 2321, 55°23.3’N, 167°18.8’E, 1490–1554 m, dredge, 2 spms, BL 13.0–14.0 mm, 08.08.1990; RV Akademik Oparin st. 4, 54°11’8’’N, 168°36’5’’E, 508 m, 3 spms, BL 23.0–31.0 mm, 02.08.1991; st. 5, 54°12’0’’N, 168°37’3’’E, 569 m, 2 spms, BL 22.0– 22.5 mm, 02.08.1991; st. 7, 54°13’5’’N, 168°43’3’’E, 386 m, 1 spm, BL 13.0 mm, 02.08.1991; st. 43, 55°36’9’’N, 164°54’0’’E, 350–523 m, 3 spms, BL 10.0–15.0 mm, 24.08.1991; st. 44, 55°35’4’’N, 165°00’4’’E, 205 m, 2 spms, BL 15.0–22.0 mm, 24.08.1991; st. 51, 55°25’3’’N, 167°47’3’’E, 372 m, 1 spm, BL 10.0, 25.08.1991; Bering Sea, RV Vitjaz st. 542, 60°02’N, 179°48’E, 1440 m, Sigsbee trawl, 1 spm, BL 19.0 mm, 27.08.1950; st. 608, 59°14’5’’N, 170°30’E, 510 m, Sigsbee trawl, 1 spm, BL 6.0 mm, 20.09.1950; st. 626, 55°37’N, 164°36’7’’E, 2440 m, Sigsbee trawl, 1 spm, BL 20.0 mm, 27.08.1950; RV Pervenets, st. 125, 61°43’3’’N, 177°32’0’’E, 450 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 20.0 mm, 15.08.1959; st. 239, 56°36’0’’N, 172°18’1’’E, 203 m, 1 spm, BL 15.0 mm, 15.09.1959; st. 286, 55°36’5’’N, 165°30’0’’E, 435 m, 2 spms, BL 4.0–16.0 mm, 20.09.1959; RV Ametist st. 127, 53°43’N, 164°50’W, 191 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 8.0 mm, 28.08.1960; st. 162, 55°45’N, 165°34’W, 227 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 10.0 mm, 07.09.1960; st. 173, 56°41’3’’N, 163°57’5’’W, 294 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 10.0 mm, 09.09.1960; st. 175, 56°55’0’’N, 163°45’0’’W, 294 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 10.0 mm, 09.09.1960; st. 181, 56°38’0’’N, 165°09’W, 215 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 15.0 mm, 10.09.1960; st. 213, 57°01’8’’N, 168°20’0’’W, 408 m, Ocean grab, 4 spm, BL 7.0–9.0 mm, 15.09.1960; RV Zemtchug st. 105, 58°26’0’’N, 174°41’0’’E, 2083 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 17.0 mm, 03.10.1963; st. 221, 61°35’0’’N, 177°22’0’’E, 1240 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 10.0 mm, 02.10.1963; st. 226, 61°47’0’’N, 177°28’0’’E, 346 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 21.0 mm, 03.08.1963; RV Akademik Shirshov st. 22, 57°31’4’’N, 174°02’0’’E, 1320 m, Sigsbee trawl, 1 spm, BL 13.0 mm, 21.06.1981; to S from Navarin Cape, 60°41’N, 179°11’E, 550–560 m, 1 spm, BL 26.0 mm, 29.09.1996; RV Professor Khromov dredge N4, 55°23’7’’N, 167°18’0’’E, 480–660 m, 15 spms, BL 7.0–13.0 mm, 01.08.2004; RV Akademik Lavrentyev st. LV82–21, 60°8343’N, 174°3722’E, 660 m, 1 spm, BL 17.0 mm, 03.07.2018; East Aleutian Islands, RV Vityaz st. 6130, 53°47’5’’N, 163°50’0’’W, 250 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 12.0 mm, 05.06.1969; st. 6131, 53°47’5’’N, 163°51’0’’W, 510–700 m, Sigsbee trawl, 4 spms, BL 15.0–20.0 mm, 05.06.1969; st. 6135, 53°32’N, 163°22’W, 2880–2930 m, Sigsbee trawl, 3 spms, BL 8.0–13.0 mm, 09.06.1969; Gulf of Alaska, RV Ametist st. 115, 57°26’5’’N, 150°18’0’’W, 182 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 7.0 mm, 24.08.1960; st. 117, 56°55’0’’N, 150°45’W, 181 m, Ocean grab, 3 spms, BL 7.0–10.0 mm, 25.08.1960; st. 137, 54°51’1’’N, 157°32’W, 392 m, Ocean grab, 2 spms, BL 10.0– 11.0 mm, 31.08.1960; RV Vitjaz, st. 6089, 58°02’0’’N, 149°02’W, 180 m, Ocean grab, 3 spms, BL 5.0–8.0 mm, 1969; st. 6090, 58°01’7’’N, 149°01’8’’W, 455 m, Ocean grab, 4 spms, BL 7.0–11.0 mm, 1969; st. 6122, 56°45’5’’N, 136°02’0’’W, 1000–1180 m, Sigsbee trawl, 7 spms, BL 10.0–13.0 mm, 21.05.1969; st. 6123, 56°45’0’’N, 136°03’0’’W, 650 m, Ocean grab, 2 spms, BL 2.0–10.0 mm, 21.05.1969; st. 6125, 55°23’7’’N, 134°46’0’’W, 550 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 7.0 mm, 22.05.1969; British Columbia, RV Vitjaz, st. 4139, 54°24’N, 133°49’7’’W, 290 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 5.5 mm, 1958; Cowan collection, N1270, 52°49’N, 132°52’W, 1601 m, mud & boulders, 1 spm, BL 12.0 mm, August, 1964, col. F. Bernard; Oregon, RV Vitjaz, st. 4177, 44°51’7’’N, 125°04’0’’W, 650 m, Ocean grab, 1 spm, BL 10.0 mm, 1958; st. 4179, 44°40’N, 124°59’6’’W, 1233–1258 m, Sigsbee trawl, 30 spms, BL 11.0–17.0 mm, 04.12.1958; California, RV Albatross, st. 4423, between Santa Barbara and San Nicolas, 389–610 m, 1 spm, BL 20.0 mm, USNM 218730, 1913; South America, RV Akademik Kurchatov, st. 217, 3°49’0’’N, 82°47’W, 2800 m, Sigsbee trawl, 1 spm, BL 20.0 mm, 27.08.1968; st. 241, 23°50’S, 70°56’6’’W, 2900 m, Sigsbee trawl, 2 spm,, BL 20.0 mm, 15.09.1968; RV AGOR Vidal Gormáz, st. VG07-7, AGT-8, 36.0023°– 36.0058°S, 73.3841°– 73.3706°W, 922–1013 m, 2 spms (ZISP 2274), BL 18.0–20.0 mm, 07.10.2007; RV Melville st. INSPIRE, AGT-3_533, 36.22523°S, 73.43115°W, 724 m, 4 spms (SCBUCN 4136) BL 12.0–30.0 mm, 09.03.2010. Distribution. Widespread species, inhabits the Pacific Ocean from off Pacific side of Hokkaido (38°40.1’N, 143°29.3’E), the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea and North and South America’s Pacific waters southwards to 36.22523°S, 73.43115°W, at depths of 100 to 3724 m, based on more than 340 investigated specimens. Wu & Okutani (1984) reported B. belknapi based on 50 specimens collected by R / V Soyo-Maru from 14 stations along the Japan Trench and the Izu-Ogasawara Trench (30˚–38˚N), 1230–3020 m. Among them we re-examined 44 specimens deposited in NSMT. Most of the specimens were correctly identified as B. belknapi (NSMT-Mo 59993, 59994, 59997–60003, and parts of 59995), but some specimens were found to be one or two distinct species (NSMT-Mo 59996, 60004, and part of 59995). Further study is needed to identify those specimens of the distinct species. Kaas (1989, 1990) reported B. belknapi from off Luzon Island, the Philippines and Sulu Sea. Unfortunately, he did not provide any description or drawings by which it would be possible to verify his identification. Two of the specimens from the Sulu Sea, (st. CP128) identified by Kaas (1989) as Leptochiton belknapi turned out to be Nierstraszella lineata (Nierstrasz, 1905). The other samples of B. belknapi from the Philippines (Kaas 1990) could not be located (Virginie Heros, pers. com.) and thus not restudied and verified (Sirenko 2020). Revised diagnosis. Animal of large size, elongate oval. Intermediate valves subcarinated. Tail valve narrower than head valve and with posterior mucro. Antemucronal area 1.4 times longer than postmucronal area. Tegmentum sculptured with small granules evenly arranged quincuncially. Each granule with one megalaesthete and two, exceptionally up to four micraesthetes positioned in front of megalaesthete. Perinotum densely covered with pointed scales with 2–4 ribs. Central tooth of radula short and wide, major lateral tooth with big, unicuspid head and very small denticle-like appendage at inner edge. Amended description. Of large size, BL up to 42 mm (ZIN 2444, from near Shikotan Island, Kurile Islands). Valves thick, subcarinated, highly elevated (elevation ratio from 0.36 to 0.54 in valve V), not beaked. Valve slopes slightly convex. Color of tegmentum white often with black or brown deposits on old parts of valves. Head valve semicircular, slightly wider than tail valve. Intermediate valves not beaked, rectangular, anterior margin convex in valve II and slightly concave in the jugal part of remaining valves, lateral areas slightly raised, lateral margins rounded, posterior margin straight or slightly concave at both sides of the hardly perceptible apex. Tail valve semicircular to roughly triangular, slightly narrower as head valve, anterior margin slightly concave in jugal part, mucro posterior, slightly protruding, postmucronal slope concave or straight in most specimens. Tegmentum uniformly sculptured with raised, quincuncially arranged granules. Each granule with one megalaesthete and two, rarely up to four, micraesthetes in front, pores of megalaesthetes slightly larger than micraesthetes. Articulamentum white, strongly developed, apophyses small, widely separated, subtriangular in intermediate valves, more or less trapezoidal in tail valve. Girdle narrow (it is about five times narrower than valve V), dorsally covered with sharply pointed, slightly curved scales (75 x 24 μm), usually showing two (rarely 3–4) longitudinal ribs, and scattered long, smooth, needles (200 x 20 μm). Intersegmental needles similar but longer (292 x 24 μm). Marginal needles shorter than sutural needles (210 x 22 μm). Ventrally girdle covered with elongate smooth, sharply pointed scales (100 x 28 μm). The length of the radula depends on the length of the body, in individuals with a body length of 8.2 and 21.0 mm, the length of the radula is 1.8 mm and 8.7 mm, respectively, and the number of mature transverse rows varies in the studied individuals from 21 to 33 without any dependence on age. Central tooth nearly rectangular with rounded base. Head of major lateral tooth unidentate, strong, with small denticle-like appendage at inner edge. Number of gills depends on the body length. Individuals with body lengths of 4.5, 6.5, 8.2, 12.0 and 25.0 mm, have 8, 9, 12, 14 and 17 gills per side, respectively. Sigwart (2008a) observed, for a specimen with 14 gills per side, the location of the nephridiopore between gills 5–6 and the gonopore between gills 7–8, counting from behind. Remarks. In addition to the age-related variability in the number of gills and the length of the radula mentioned Published as part of Sirenko, Boris, Saito, Hiroshi & Schwabe, Enrico, 2022, A redescription of Leptochiton belknapi Dall, 1878 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora Leptochitonidae), the type species of the new genus Belknapchiton, pp. 101-124 in Zootaxa 5205 (2) on pages 104-118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7305769 {"references":["Dall, W. H. (1878 a) Description of new form of mollusks from Alaska contained in the collections of the National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 1, 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1","Dall, W. H. (1878 b) Report on the limpets and chitons of the Alaskan and Arctic regions, with descriptions of genera and species believed to be new. Scientific results of the exploration of Alaska by the parties under the charge of W. H. Dall, during the years 1865 - 1874, Art. 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| تدمد: | 0096-3801 |
| DOI: | 10.5281/zenodo.7310354 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::cd0215bfee7b7de7c7ce61649523b842 |
| Rights: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi...........cd0215bfee7b7de7c7ce61649523b842 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 00963801 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.5281/zenodo.7310354 |