The fossil wood record of Leguminosae from South America. The Leguminosae has an extensive fossil wood record worldwide. In South America 56 records with affinity to Leguminosae were counted. Each record is analyzed and unpublished data is also included. The Leguminosae is the most palaeoxylological diverse family of South America. It has an extensive temporal record, from the Palaeocene to the Pleistocene, and a broad geographical span, from Patagonia to north Colombia.