Brittleness is the main technical limitation on a wide use of advanced ceramic materials. To overcome this problem, ceramic-metal composites are commonly applied. A principal advantage of ceramic-metal composite materials is their higher resistance to brittle fracture. An increase of fracture toughness depends on the type, amount, size and shape of a metallic component. The metallic phase can additionally modify physical, mechanical and thermal properties of materials. The results of experiments concerning a manufacturing process of Mo-Al2O3 composite materials obtained by the hot pressing method were presented. Two powder mixtures with different volume fraction of aluminium oxide were prepared in a planetary ball mill. The hot pressing process allowed to obtain well-densified metal matrix composites (~99% of a theoretical density). Microstructural observations of sinters were conducted using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Very stable bonding between metal and ceramic grains was observed. Complex investigations of the physical and mechanical properties of obtained molybdenum-alumina composite materials seem to be very promising from an application point of view.