Transparent ceramics are typically used as the strike-face layer owing to their superior mechanical properties, such as high strength and high hardness. For typical transparent ceramic armor, the ceramic layer is usually divided into small ceramic tiles because of the size limitations. However, the tiled structure is restricted in application due to the discontinuity between ceramic tiles, which can be solved by covering the outer surface with a glass plate. In this study, the effect of the glass cover layer on the ballistic performance of transparent ceramic armor is investigated through a combination of experimental testing and finite element (FE) simulation. The results exhibited that under the impact of 7.62 mm armor-piercing incendiaries, the ceramic tiles were prematurely damaged when the glass cover was added. Besides, the reduction of the ceramic energy dissipation was greater than the energy dissipation of the glass cover itself, thus reducing the ballistic performance of the transparent ceramic armor. The results also revealed that the pre-damage area increased as the thickness of the glass cover increased from 1 mm to 4 mm.