Summary ANCA are associated with different pathologies among other vasculitis. Their diagnostic, prognostic value, their specificity and their place as a marker of activity deserve to be clarified. Our objectives are to identify these antibodies through the use of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and Elisa and to establish possible correlations with neurological diseases. We tested sera from 29 patients for whom ANCA were sought as part of the etiological research. The presence of ANCA by IIF was established in 65.51% cases according to two profiles: cytoplasmic fluorescence (c-ANCA) (44.82%) and perinuclear fluorescence (p-ANCA) (17.24%). These autoantibodies with or without PR3 and/or MPO antigenic targets corresponded to various neurological diseases: infectious etiology, association with vasculitis, but also connective tissue disorders (Sjogren syndrome) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in particular context.