Exposure Analysis of C8- and C9-Alkylphenols, Alkylphenol Ethoxylates, and Their Metabolites in Surface Water Systems within the United States
| العنوان: | Exposure Analysis of C8- and C9-Alkylphenols, Alkylphenol Ethoxylates, and Their Metabolites in Surface Water Systems within the United States |
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| المؤلفون: | Kent B. Woodburn, Charles A. Staples, Gary M. Klecka, Jack M. Zabik, Brent E. Huntsman, Carter G. Naylor |
| المصدر: | Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 13:792-822 |
| بيانات النشر: | Informa UK Limited, 2007. |
| سنة النشر: | 2007 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Detection limit, Chromatography, Alkylphenol, Chemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Ecological Modeling, Aquatic ecosystem, Pollution, Nonylphenol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental chemistry, Marine ecosystem, Water quality, Surface water |
| الوصف: | This study was conducted to develop a statistical understanding of exposures to C8- and C9-alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) and their metabolites (APEM) in U.S. surface waters. Concentrations of APEO/APEM (all analytes) in freshwater have been reported by 19 investigations over the past 15 years. Only limited data are available for sediments and marine ecosystems. Based on the frequency of detection in surface waters, 67% of all analytes were below their detection limits. Although maximum reported concentrations varied with time, the average and 90th centile concentrations have remained relatively constant. Examination of frequency distributions for nonylphenol (NP) concentrations indicated that 99% of the levels in fresh surface waters are below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Aquatic Life Ambient Chronic Water Quality Criteria for NP (6.6 μg/L). A conservative evaluation of aggregated NPEO/NPEM concentrations suggested that 97% of the samples contained aggregate NP equivalent concentra... |
| تدمد: | 1549-7860 1080-7039 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/10807030701456726 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::10b07becdb116d7b2bb4e23f906b5899 https://doi.org/10.1080/10807030701456726 |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi...........10b07becdb116d7b2bb4e23f906b5899 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 15497860 10807039 |
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| DOI: | 10.1080/10807030701456726 |