This study, by means of GC-MS and HPLC, investiagted the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from fiber dryer in a high density fiberboard (HDF) production line with a production capacity of 100,000 m3/a. The quantity of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), aldehydes and ketones were calculated. The results showed that the concentration of VOCs reached 0.5275 mg/m3. The main components include benzenes series (42.7%), terpenes (11.0% alpha pinene), alkanes (11.2%), anhydrides (4.7%) and aldehydes (3.1%). The concentration of the mixture of aldehydes and ketones was 8.8594 mg/m3. The annual emission of TVOC and the mixture of aldehydes and ketones from HDF fiber dryer were 836 kg/a and 14033 kg/a, respectively.