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For decades, China has engaged in transferring military technology to Middle Eastern countries, a key element of its strategic competition with the United States. This article examines the goals and consequences of these transfers, focusing on their role in China’s rivalry with the U.S. It explores the historical evolution of China’s military technology strategy, shifting from ideological motives to economic profit and technology exchange. A turning point emerged when China began supplying military technology to traditional U.S. allies in the region, such as Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, signalling its intent to challenge U.S. dominance. However, the article argues that various challenges have limited the effectiveness of China’s military technology transfers compared to its more impactful non-military technologies, including artificial intelligence, clean energy, and next-generation internet innovations. These non-military technologies have seen significant adoption in the Middle East, while reliance on Chinese military technology among U.S. allies remains limited. The findings suggest that while China’s influence in the region grows through non-military avenues, its military technology transfers are unlikely to significantly alter the strategic balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |